Probiotics in the Treatment and Prevention of Acute Infectious Diarrhea in Infants and Children: A Systematic Review of Published Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trials

Szajewska, Hania; Mrukowicz, Jacek

doi:10.1097/00005176-200110002-00004

Cited by 432 publications

(257 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The effects of a probiotic therapy on systemic diseases have been studied for various disorders (Broekaert and Walker, 2006). Most of the documented benefits of probiotics are associated with gastrointestinal disorders, including those caused by Clostridium difficile and antibiotic medication causing diarrhea (Vanderhoof et al, 1999;Szajewska and Mrukowicz, 2001;Cremonini et al, 2002;D'Souza et al, 2002), acute infectious diarrhea and irritable bowel syndrome (Camilleri, 2006;Quigley, 2007;Kligler and Cohrssen, 2008). Positive effects of probiotics were also observed for caries-associated risk factors (Näse et al, 2001;Ahola et al, 2002;Ç aglar et al, 2006;Cildir et al, 2009) and the colonization of the oral cavity by Candida spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics affect the clinical inflammatory parameters of experimental gingivitis in humans

et al. 2011

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Objectives: To determine the effects of a probiotic milk drink consumed over a period of 28 days, regarding the expression of clinical inflammatory parameters of the oral gingiva during various phases of plaque-induced gingivitis. Methods: Twenty-eight adults with healthy gingiva took part in a prospective and clinical-controlled study. The test group was advised to consume a probiotic milk drink (Yacult) daily during a period of 4 weeks; the control group did not receive any probiotic food or drink. After 2 weeks of consumption of the probiotic drink, participants were advised not to brush their teeth for 14 days. Subsequently, at baseline as well as on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14, the following clinical parameters were assessed: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume and bleeding on probing (BOP). Results: At baseline, the PI was significantly higher in the test group compared with controls (0.44±0.50 vs 0.09±0.24 PI; P ¼ 0.0001). The termination of oral hygiene increased clinical inflammatory parameters in both groups. At day 14, the parameters PI, GI, GCF volume and BOP were significantly higher compared with baseline values (P ¼ 0.0001). At day 14, BOP levels (18.75 ± 12.32 vs 36.88 ± 12.54%) and GCF volume (18.78 ± 16.7 vs 35.72 ± 16.1 Periotron units) were significantly lower in the test group compared with the control group (P ¼ 0.005). Conclusion:The results of our study indicate that a daily consumption of a probiotic milk drink reduces the effects of plaqueinduced gingival inflammation associated with a higher plaque score due to the high-carbohydrate content of the probiotic milk beverage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics affect the clinical inflammatory parameters of experimental gingivitis in humans

et al. 2011

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“…Evidence exists that probiotics are effective in treatment and prevention of acute infectious diarrhea in children (Szajewska and Mrukowicz, 2001). This was recently demonstrated with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis BB-12 as well as L. reuteri ATCC 55730 (Weizman et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose–response study of probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis BB-12 and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei CRL-341 in healthy young adults

Larsen

Nielsen²,

Kæstel³

et al. 2006

Eur J Clin Nutr

109

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Objective: This study was performed to investigate the dose-response effects of supplementation with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis (BB-12) and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei (CRL-431) on blood lipids, recovery from feces and bowel habits. Changes of the fecal microflora was analyzed in the 10 10 CFU/day probiotic and placebo group. Design: The study was designed as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel dose-response study. Subjects: Healthy young adults (18-40 years) were recruited by advertising in local newspapers. Of the 75 persons enrolled, 71 (46 women, 25 men, mean age 25.6 years (range 18-40 years)) completed the study. Intervention: The volunteers were randomly assigned into five groups receiving either placebo or a mixture of the two probiotics in the concentration of 10 8 , 10 9 , 10 10 or 10 11 CFU/day in 2 weeks run-in period, 3 weeks intervention and 2 weeks wash-out. Diary reporting bowel habits and well being (abdominal bloating, flatulence and headache) was kept for all 7 weeks and blood lipids, fecal recovery of BB-12 and CRL-431, as well as fecal microflora was tested before, immediately and 2 weeks after intervention. Results: The fecal recovery of BB-12 increased significantly (Po0.001) with increasing dose. In the group receiving 10 11 CFU/ day BB-12 was recovered from 13 out of 15 volunteers. CRL-431 was not recovered in any of the fecal samples. Supplementation with probiotics did not change the fecal bacterial composition. A significant linear increase in fecal consistency (looser stool) with increasing probiotic dose (P ¼ 0.018) was observed. No overall dose-response effect was found on the blood lipids. High doses of probiotics were well tolerated. Conclusion: A dose-related recovery of BB-12 from feces was observed. Sponsorship: The study was sponsored by Chr. Hansen A/S, Hoersholm, Denmark. Keywords: dose-response study; probiotics; cholesterol; recovery from feces; constipation European Journal of Clinical Nutrition IntroductionIt is generally accepted that the composition of the intestinal microflora influences the health and well being of humans. With the many publications showing beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria, there has been an increasing interest in the mechanism behind. Most clinical studies have tested only one dose of probiotics, ranging from 4 Â 10 8 CFU/day for determination of gastrointestinal colonization and immune modulation (Valeur et al., 2004) Contributors: DCE, CNL and KFM wrote the protocol. DCE performed the study. CNL did the microbiological analysis of fecal samples and study product. EB performed the fluorescent whole cell hybridization of BB-12 like colonies. MB performed the PFGE of CRL-431 like colonies. PK performed the statistical analysis. CNL and SN wrote the first draft of the paper and all contributors participated in the revision and final approval of the paper.

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“…The most widely used probiotic species, which belong to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, have shown clinically significant benefits in treatment and prevention of childhood diarrheal and allergic diseases in at-risk populations such as allergic families, hospitalized patients, or children in day-care centers (12,13). Recently, the effects of probiotics in the prevention of RTIs have received increasing attention, with conflicting results in 15 randomized trials (14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 in reducing the risk of infections in early childhood

Taipale¹,

Pienihäkkinen

Isolauri

et al. 2015

Pediatr Res

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ArticlesBackground: Specific probiotic bacteria have proven to be effective in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in early life in at-risk populations. The impact of administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (BB-12) on the risk of acute infectious diseases was studied in healthy children. Methods: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 109 1-mo-old infants were assigned randomly to a probiotic group receiving a BB-12-containing tablet (n = 55) or a placebo (n = 54). Test tablets were administered to the infants twice a day (daily dose of BB-12 10 billion colony-forming units) until the age of 2 y with a novel slow-release pacifier or a spoon. Breastfeeding habits, pacifier use, dietary habits, medications, and all signs and symptoms of acute infections were registered in diaries by parents and in questionnaires by trained professionals. results: The infants receiving BB-12 were reported to have experienced fewer respiratory tract infections (RTIs; 87 vs. 100%; risk ratio: 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.76, 1.00; P = 0.033) than the controls. No significant differences between the groups were observed in reported gastrointestinal symptoms, otitis media, or fever. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar, as was the duration of breastfeeding. conclusion: Administration of BB-12 in early childhood may reduce RTIs.

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Probiotics in the Treatment and Prevention of Acute Infectious Diarrhea in Infants and Children: A Systematic Review of Published Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trials

Cited by 432 publications

References 29 publications

Probiotics affect the clinical inflammatory parameters of experimental gingivitis in humans

Probiotics affect the clinical inflammatory parameters of experimental gingivitis in humans

Dose–response study of probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis BB-12 and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei CRL-341 in healthy young adults

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 in reducing the risk of infections in early childhood

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