Probiotics in the intestinal tract of juvenile whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: modulation of the bacterial community

Abstract

Molecular analysis of the 16S rDNA of the intestinal microbiota of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei was examined to investigate the effect of a Bacillus mix (Bacillus endophyticus YC3-b, Bacillus endophyticus C2-2, Bacillus tequilensisYC5-2) and the commercial probiotic (Alibio(®)) on intestinal bacterial communities and resistance to Vibrio infection. PCR and single strain conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analyses were then performed on DNA extracted directly from guts. Injection of shrimp with V. parahaemolyticus at 2.5 × 10(5) CFU g(-1) per shrimp followed 168 h after inoculation with Bacillus mix or the Alibio probiotic or the positive control. Diversity analyses showed that the bacterial community resulting from the Bacillus mix had the highest diversity and evenness and the bacterial community of the control had the lowest diversity. The bacterial community treated with probiotics mainly consisted of α- and γ-proteobacteria, fusobacteria, sphingobacteria, and flavobacteria, while the control mainly consisted of α-proteobacteria and flavobacteria. Differences were grouped using principal component analyses of PCR-SSCP of the microbiota, according to the time of inoculation. In Vibrio parahaemolyticus-infected shrimp, the Bacillus mix (~33 %) induced a significant increase in survival compared to Alibio (~21 %) and the control (~9 %). We conclude that administration of the Bacillus mix induced modulation of the intestinal microbiota of L. vannamei and increased its resistance to V. parahaemolyticus.

Crustacean hemolymph microbiota: Endemic, tightly controlled, and utilization expectable

“…The crustacean digestive tract, including gut, stomach, and hepatopancreas, contains a tolerated and relatively constant number of bacteria (Freese and Schink, 2011;Kostanjsek et al, 2004;Kostanjsek et al, 2002;Li et al, 2007;Luis-Villasenor et al, 2013;Tzuc et al, 2014). As determined by our group (unpublished data), bacterial counts that were colonized in the kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) digestive tract were about 10 6 /g to 10 7 /g tissue for the intestines and the stomach and 10 4 /g to 10 5 /g tissue for the hepatopancreas (Fig.…”

Bacterial Community Associated with Healthy and Diseased Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Larvae and Rearing Water across Different Growth Stages

“…Member in genus Meridianimaribacter was frequently found in both healthy water and shrimp in our previous study using culture-dependent method (Zheng et al, 2016). Meridianimaribacter was also found in the intestinal tract of shrimp after adding probiotics (Luis-Villaseñor et al, 2013). It was reported that Meridianimaribacter was dominant in healthy larviculture water of shrimp (Xue et al, 2015).…”

Effects of dietary Bacillus pumilus on growth performance, innate immunity and digestive enzymes of giant freshwater prawns ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii )

“…Therefore, exploring potential probiotic strains and evaluating their usage in aquaculture are of great value. Generally, probiotics have been reported to confer beneficial effects in some way, including (a) excluding pathogenic bacteria through the production of inhibitory compounds and bacteriocin or competition for adhesion sites (Balcázar et al, ); (b) stimulating the immune function of the host (Castex, Lemaire, Wabete, & Chim, ; Gullian, Thompson, & Rodriguez, ); (c) increasing the nutrition utilization of the host through the production of digestive enzymes (Liu, Chiu, Ho, & Wang, ); and (d) helping the host improve the balance of its intestinal microbiota (Luis‐Villasenor et al, ). To date, many probiotics, such as Bacillus and Lactobacillus , at doses of 1 × 10 7 CFU/g, 1 × 10 8 CFU/g and 1 × 10 9 CFU/g have been shown to improve the growth performance and immune responses of aquatic animals (Dash et al, ; Gupta, Verma, & Gupta, ; Hao et al, ; Yan, Xia, Yang, Hoseinifar, & Sun, ).…”

“…compounds and bacteriocin or competition for adhesion sites(Balcázar et al, 2007); (b) stimulating the immune function of the host(Castex, Lemaire, Wabete, & Chim, 2010;Gullian, Thompson, & Rodriguez, 2004); (c) increasing the nutrition utilization of the host through the production of digestive enzymes(Liu, Chiu, Ho, & Wang, 2009); and (d) helping the host improve the balance of its intestinal microbiota(Luis-Villasenor et al, 2013). To date, many probiotics, such as Bacillus…”