Probiotics in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders

Liu, Yuying; Alookaran, Jane; Rhoads, J. Marc

doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0397.v1

Cited by 36 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…Both probiotics and prebiotics have received much spotlight over the past decade for their advantages in coordinating gut microbiota to help ameliorate several diseases [ 123 ]. While several studies have obtained beneficial effects in several autoimmune diseases [ 123 , 124 ], evidence regarding their effects on the ocular surface, especially dry eye, is now just emerging ( Table 6 ).…”

Section: Dry Eye and Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Gut Microbiota Affect Dry Eye Syndrome?

Moon

Yoon

Choi

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Using metagenomics, continuing evidence has elicited how intestinal microbiota trigger distant autoimmunity. Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the ocular surface, with frequently unmet therapeutic needs requiring new interventions for dry eye management. Current studies also suggest the possible relation of autoimmune dry eye with gut microbiota. Herein, we review the current knowledge of how the gut microbiota interact with the immune system in homeostasis as well as its influence on rheumatic and ocular autoimmune diseases, and compare their characteristics with SS. Both rodent and human studies regarding gut microbiota in SS and environmental dry eye are explored, and the effects of prebiotics and probiotics on dry eye are discussed. Recent clinical studies have commonly observed a correlation between gut dysbiosis and clinical manifestations of SS, while environmental dry eye portrays characteristics in between normal and autoimmune. Moreover, a decrease in both the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and genus Faecalibacterium have most commonly been observed in SS subjects. The presumable pathways forming the “gut dysbiosis–ocular surface–lacrimal gland axis” are introduced. This review may provide perspectives into the link between the gut microbiome and dry eye, enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis in autoimmune dry eye, and be useful in the development of future interventions.

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Section: Dry Eye and Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Gut Microbiota Affect Dry Eye Syndrome?

Moon

Yoon

Choi

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…The results of previous studies have suggested that probiotics play a significant role in intestinal inflammatory diseases through multiple aspects [28]. Probiotics compete with pathogenic microorganisms for nutrients and produce bacteriostatins to effectively prevent pathogenic microorganisms from invading and reproducing in the intestine [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing Analysis of Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Rats with Low-Dose Aspirin-Related Intestinal Injury

Chi

Zhao

Wang

2021

BioMed Research International

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Background. The incidence of small intestinal injury caused by low-dose aspirin (LDA) is high, but the pathogenesis and intervention measures of it have not been elucidated. Recent studies have found gut microbiota to be closely associated with onset and development of NSAID-induced intestinal injury. However, studies of the changes in the gut microbiota of rats with LDA-related intestinal injury have been lacking recently. In this study, we investigated fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of changes in the gut microbiota of rats with LDA-related intestinal injury. Methods. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat models of small intestinal injury were established by intragastric administration of LDA. The small intestinal tissues and the fecal samples were harvested. The fecal samples were then analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicons. The gut microbiota composition and diversity were analyzed and compared using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis, the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering analysis, multivariate statistical analysis (ANOSIM, MetaStats, and LEfSe), and spatial statistics. Results. The LDA rat model was successfully established. Decreased Firmicutes and increased Bacteroidetes abundances in rats with LDA-induced small intestinal injury were revealed. MetaStats analysis between the before administration of LDA (CG) and after administration of LDA (APC) groups showed that the intestinal floras exhibiting significant differences ( P < 0.05 , q < 0.1 ) were Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Cyanobacteria, Melainabacteria, Coriobacteriia, Bacteroidia, Bacteroidales, Eubacteriaceae, and Streptococcaceae. In addition, the bacterial taxa showing significant differences between the control (NS) and APC groups were Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Verrucomicrobiaceae and Peptococcaceae. Conclusions. The alterations in the gut microbiota composition and diversity of rats with LDA-related intestinal injury were found in the present study. The change of gut microbiota in LDA-related intestinal injury will lay the foundation for further research on the function and signaling pathways of the intestinal flora and promote the use of intestinal flora as drug targets to treat LDA-induced small intestinal injury.

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“…A study reported that L. rhamnosus suppressed the production of TNF-α from macrophages [ 291 ]. Many other studies proved the role of probiotics in preventing inflammation [ 292 , 293 ]. Thus, the anti-inflammatory properties of probiotics and their role in preventing dysbiosis should be exploited for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Probiotics For Treatment and Management Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Immunology, Immunopathogenesis and Potential Therapies

Bhardwaj

Sapra

Saini

et al. 2021

International Reviews of Immunology

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The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) imposed public health emergency and affected millions of people around the globe. As of January 2021, 100 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 along with more than 2 million deaths were reported worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 infection causes excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines thereby leading to the development of “Cytokine Storm Syndrome.” This condition results in uncontrollable inflammation that further imposes multiple-organ-failure eventually leading to death. SARS-CoV-2 induces unrestrained innate immune response and impairs adaptive immune responses thereby causing tissue damage. Thus, understanding the foremost features and evolution of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is crucial in anticipating COVID-19 outcomes and in developing effective strategies to control the viral spread. In the present review, we exhaustively discuss the sequential key immunological events that occur during SARS-CoV-2 infection and are involved in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. In addition to this, we also highlight various therapeutic options already in use such as immunosuppressive drugs, plasma therapy and intravenous immunoglobulins along with various novel potent therapeutic options that should be considered in managing COVID-19 infection such as traditional medicines and probiotics.

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Probiotics in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders

Cited by 36 publications

References 99 publications

Can Gut Microbiota Affect Dry Eye Syndrome?

Can Gut Microbiota Affect Dry Eye Syndrome?

Fecal 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing Analysis of Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Rats with Low-Dose Aspirin-Related Intestinal Injury

COVID-19: Immunology, Immunopathogenesis and Potential Therapies

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