Probiotics and MicroRNA: Their Roles in the Host–Microbe Interactions

Zhao, Ying; Zeng, Yan; Zeng, Dong; Wang, Hesong; Zhou, Mingmei; Sun, Ning; Xin, Jinge; Khalique, Abdul; Rajput, Danish Sharafat; Pan, Kangcheng; Shu, Gang; Jing, Bo; Ni, Xueqin

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.604462

Cited by 39 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…The World Health Organisation’s defines probiotics as living microorganisms that confer a health benefit when administered in adequate amounts [ 72 ]. The effects of administering probiotics include the stabilization of the gut bacterial community and the restoration of “signature” of bacterial microbiota, which is a result of lowering the pH, producing bacteriocins, altering microRNA (miRNAs), competing with pathogens for certain nutrients and improving the gut barrier function [ 73 ]. Although the presented studies [ 26 , 27 ] seem to confer a promising perspective concerning the administration of oral probiotics for psoriasis, their limitations should also be taken into account.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psoriasis and Gut Microbiome—Current State of Art

Polak

Bergler‐Czop

Szczepanek

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease that affects around 125 million people worldwide. Several studies concerning the gut microbiota composition and its role in disease pathogenesis recently demonstrated significant alterations among psoriatic patients. Certain parameters such as Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio or Psoriasis Microbiome Index were developed in order to distinguish between psoriatic and healthy individuals. The “leaky gut syndrome” and bacterial translocation is considered by some authors as a triggering factor for the onset of the disease, as it promotes chronic systemic inflammation. The alterations were also found to resemble those in inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity and certain cardiovascular diseases. Microbiota dysbiosis, depletion in SCFAs production, increased amount of produced TMAO, dysregulation of the pathways affecting the balance between lymphocytes populations seem to be the most significant findings concerning gut physiology in psoriatic patients. The gut microbiota may serve as a potential response-to-treatment biomarker in certain cases of biological treatment. Oral probiotics administration as well as fecal microbial transplantation were most reported in bringing health benefits to psoriatic patients. However, the issue of psoriatic bacterial gut composition, its role and healing potential needs further investigation. Here we reviewed the literature on the current state of the relationship between psoriasis and gut microbiome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psoriasis and Gut Microbiome—Current State of Art

Polak

Bergler‐Czop

Szczepanek

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Although it is not fully understood, in a feedback mechanism that supports microbial dysbiosis of the gut, microbiota may influence host miRNAs, which in turn may suppress osteoblast development, posing a barrier to osteoporosis repair [152]. Of particular clinical interest may be the recent suggestion that miRNA and probiotics may play an essential role in host-microbe intercommunication [153]. Beyond the effects on miRNA, Uchida et al also considered a transcriptome-level analysis, finding transcripts for both anabolism and catabolism to be upregulated in the presence of commensal microbiota [154].…”

Section: Human Gut Microbiota: Role In Osteoporosis and Osteoclastogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Gut Microbiota: A Key Mediator of Osteoporosis and Osteogenesis

Seely

Kotelko

Douglas

et al. 2021

IJMS

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An expanding body of research asserts that the gut microbiota has a role in bone metabolism and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. This review considers the human gut microbiota composition and its role in osteoclastogenesis and the bone healing process, specifically in the case of osteoporosis. Although the natural physiologic processes of bone healing and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and bone disease are now relatively well known, recent literature suggests that a healthy microbiome is tied to bone homeostasis. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying this connection is still somewhat enigmatic. Based on the literature, a relationship between the microbiome, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) is contemplated and explored in this review. Studies have proposed various mechanisms of gut microbiome interaction with osteoclastogenesis and bone health, including micro-RNA, insulin-like growth factor 1, and immune system mediation. However, alterations to the gut microbiome secondary to pharmaceutical and surgical interventions cannot be discounted and are discussed in the context of clinical therapeutic consideration. The literature on probiotics and their mechanisms of action is examined in the context of bone healing. The known and hypothesized interactions of common osteoporosis drugs and the human gut microbiome are examined. Since dysbiosis in the gut microbiota can function as a biomarker of bone metabolic activity, it may also be a pharmacological and nutraceutical (i.e., pre- and probiotics) therapeutic target to promote bone homeostasis.

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“…miRNA is abnormally expressed in many diseases including UC, and has been proved to be involved in regulating the immune response of UC and the occurrence and development of colon tumors. Recent studies have also found that miRNA participates in the mutual regulation between host and intestinal flora (Aguilar et al, 2019;Dong et al, 2019;Zhao et al, 2021). These studies of miRNA have provided new insights into the molecular mechanism of UC.…”

Section: Overview Of Mirnasmentioning

confidence: 86%

miRNA-Based Potential Biomarkers and New Molecular Insights in Ulcerative Colitis

et al. 2021

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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease, which usually manifests as abdominal pain, diarrhea and hematochezia. The disease often recurs and is difficult to cure. At present, the pathogenesis is not clear, but it is believed that the disease is caused by a complex interaction among immunity, heredity, environment and intestinal microflora disorders. MicroRNA (miRNA) is endogenous single-stranded non-coding RNA of 17–25 nucleotides (nts). They target the 3'Untranslated Region of a target gene and inhibit or degrade the target gene according to the extent of complementary bases. As important gene expression regulators, miRNAs are involved in regulating the expression of most human genes, and play an important role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases including UC. Studies in recent years have illustrated that abnormal expression of miRNA occurs very early in disease pathogenesis. Moreover, this abnormal expression is highly related to disease activity of UC and colitis-associated cancer, and involves virtually all key UC-related mechanisms, such as immunity and intestinal microbiota dysregulation. Recently, it was discovered that miRNA is highly stable outside the cell in the form of microvesicles, exosomes or apoptotic vesicles, which raises the possibility that miRNA may serve as a novel diagnostic marker for UC. In this review, we summarize the biosynthetic pathway and the function of miRNA, and summarize the usefulness of miRNA for diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of UC. Then, we described four types of miRNAs involved in regulating the mechanisms of UC occurrence and development: 1) miRNAs are involved in regulating immune cells; 2) affect the intestinal epithelial cells barrier; 3) regulate the homeostasis between gut microbiota and the host; and 4) participate in the formation of tumor in UC. Altogether, we aim to emphasize the close relationship between miRNA and UC as well as to propose that the field has value for developing potential biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for UC.

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Probiotics and MicroRNA: Their Roles in the Host–Microbe Interactions

Cited by 39 publications

References 144 publications

Psoriasis and Gut Microbiome—Current State of Art

Psoriasis and Gut Microbiome—Current State of Art

The Human Gut Microbiota: A Key Mediator of Osteoporosis and Osteogenesis

miRNA-Based Potential Biomarkers and New Molecular Insights in Ulcerative Colitis

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