Probiotics and Clostridium Difficile: A Review of Dysbiosis and the Rehabilitation of Gut Microbiota

Kalakuntla, Ashish S; Nalakonda, Gouthami; Nalakonda, Kashyap; Pidikiti, Chandra Varshini; Aasim, Syed Ali

doi:10.7759/cureus.5063

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, donor selection, stool processing, route of administration, timing of transplantation, and screening for potentially transmissible pathogens make this a complicated process [ 14 , 17 ]. Probiotic therapy is promising, but further comprehensive research and studies are essential [ 18 ]. Monoclonal antibody treatment is still in clinical trials [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an Endolysin Targeting Clostridioides difficile That Affects Spore Outgrowth

Mondal

Akter

Draper

et al. 2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clostridioides difficile is a spore-forming enteric pathogen causing life-threatening diarrhoea and colitis. Microbial disruption caused by antibiotics has been linked with susceptibility to, and transmission and relapse of, C. difficile infection. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutics that are effective in preventing C. difficile growth, spore germination, and outgrowth. In recent years bacteriophage-derived endolysins and their derivatives show promise as a novel class of antibacterial agents. In this study, we recombinantly expressed and characterized a cell wall hydrolase (CWH) lysin from C. difficile phage, phiMMP01. The full-length CWH displayed lytic activity against selected C. difficile strains. However, removing the N-terminal cell wall binding domain, creating CWH351—656, resulted in increased and/or an expanded lytic spectrum of activity. C. difficile specificity was retained versus commensal clostridia and other bacterial species. As expected, the putative cell wall binding domain, CWH1—350, was completely inactive. We also observe the effect of CWH351—656 on preventing C. difficile spore outgrowth. Our results suggest that CWH351—656 has therapeutic potential as an antimicrobial agent against C. difficile infection.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an Endolysin Targeting Clostridioides difficile That Affects Spore Outgrowth

Mondal

Akter

Draper

et al. 2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In rare cases, probiotic bacteria may contain antibiotic resistance genes that they can pass on to other strains of bacteria, including harmful strains that cause infections [46,47]. Although probiotics are widely used in the treatment of postantibiotic diarrhea and Clostridium difficile infections, there is a lack of unambiguous data confirming the legitimacy of such therapy [48,49].…”

Section: Probiotics Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Trials of Probiotic Strains in Selected Disease Entities

Dudek-Wicher

Junka

Paleczny

et al. 2020

International Journal of Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Probiotics are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Although their mechanism of action is not clearly explained, it is known that they positively modulate the immune system, which leads to immunity potentiation. A number of studies prove that probiotics strengthen cognitive functions, reduce anxiety, and regulate the lipid metabolism in the human body. Probiotics used in humans are most often of the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. However, as more research is conducted, new species with beneficial, probiotic properties are being discovered. This paper provides a review of available information about the influence of probiotics on human health. It summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanism of action of probiotics as well as clinical trial results proving their efficacy in allergic, neurodegenerative, and cardiac diseases. This review also discusses the data concerning the safety of probiotics in clinical treatment.

show abstract

“…Probiotics, which are live bacteria, such as lactobacilli can also be used to treat C. difficile by restoring balance to the intestinal flora [ 11 , 43 ]. Probiotics also help limit the growth and toxicity of harmful bacteria like C. difficile by competing for nutrients [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Seed Oil, Bentonite Clay, and Probiotics: A Comprehensive Holistic Cure for Clostridium difficile Infection in a 2-Year-Old Female Child

Littman

Winningham

Carson

et al. 2022

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There has been a rise in antibiotic resistance in secondary conditions such as Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) due to overuse of antibiotics. Oral antibiotics are used to treat C. difficile, which further disrupts the intestinal flora resulting in unwanted side effects. Naturopathic treatments often have fewer side effects and lower secondary infection risk than pharmaceutical interventions making them ideal for pediatric use. This case report describes the effective treatment of a pediatric clinical case of C. difficile using naturopathic and complementary alternative medicines (CAMs) including black seed oil (Nigella sativa), bentonite clay, and probiotics. A healthy two-year-old patient presented to a pediatrician with symptoms of, and subsequently confirmed, C. difficile after having been recently hospitalized and treated for a gluteal abscess and cellulitis using clindamycin, vancomycin, and piperacillin/tazobactam. Through a shared decision-making process, the patient’s mother and providers developed a treatment plan for the C. difficile infection (CDI), which included black seed oil, bentonite clay, and Lactobacillus probiotics. No C. difficile was detected via stool immunoassay after 4 days of combined CAM therapy. Our results underscore the need for additional research regarding the effectiveness of naturopathic CAMs including black seed oil, bentonite clay, and probiotics as alternatives to antibiotic treatment of CDI in children.

show abstract

Probiotics and Clostridium Difficile: A Review of Dysbiosis and the Rehabilitation of Gut Microbiota

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Characterization of an Endolysin Targeting Clostridioides difficile That Affects Spore Outgrowth

Characterization of an Endolysin Targeting Clostridioides difficile That Affects Spore Outgrowth

Clinical Trials of Probiotic Strains in Selected Disease Entities

Black Seed Oil, Bentonite Clay, and Probiotics: A Comprehensive Holistic Cure for Clostridium difficile Infection in a 2-Year-Old Female Child

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About