Probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains as biotherapeutic tools: is there room for improvement?

Palma, Mauri Sérgio Alves; Zamith-Miranda, Daniel; Martins, Flaviano S.; Bozza, Fernando A.; Nimrichter, Leonardo; Montero-Lomelı́, Mónica; Marques, Ernesto T. A.; Douradinha, Bruno

doi:10.1007/s00253-015-6776-x

Cited by 83 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(134 reference statements)

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“…S. boulardii stimulates host immune systems and intestinal enzymes that enhance nutrient digestion and absorption (24). In support of these distinctive mechanisms, the live yeast S. boulardii is used extensively as a probiotic and is often marketed as a dietary supplement (10,25). However, S. boulardii belongs to the group of simple eukaryotic cells; it thus differs from bacterial probiotics that are prokaryotes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the previous reports indicated that this yeast decreased the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (9,26) and diminished the risk of recurrence of Clostridium difficile-associated and Crohn's diseases (27). S. boulardii was also used for lactose intolerance, urinary tract infections (UTIs), vaginal yeast infections, high cholesterol levels, fever blisters, and teenage acne (25,28,29). Considering the beneficial aspects, the present study was undertaken to isolate and characterize the yeast S. boulardii and investigate its ability to tolerate different concentrations of bile salt, cell hydrophobicity, antioxidants, autoaggregation activity, and simulated gastrointestinal digestion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and Growth Characterization of a Novel Strain of Saccharomyces boulardii Isolated From Soya Paste

et al. 2020

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The nonpathogenic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) has beneficial effects on the human intestine, and thus has been prescribed as probiotics for the treatment of diarrhea and gastrointestinal diseases. This is the only commercialized yeast with the purpose of being used as human medicine. Currently, little is known about their multiple mechanisms of actions. The S. boulardii yeast strain is isolated and identified by using the BIOLOG TM microarray identification system and morphologically. To understand its functional roles, the present study investigates the ability of this yeast to tolerate different concentrations of bile salt up to 2.5%, cell hydrophobicity, antioxidants, autoaggregation activity, and simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The effect of temperatures (up to 50 • C), pH (up to 8.0), and salinity (at best 7%) was also monitored on the growth and survival of the yeast cell. The physicochemical analyses revealed that S. boulardii could survive in stomach conditions at pH 2.5, temperature 37 • C, and 2% bile salt. Antibiotic susceptibility of S. boulardii was carried out using commercial antibiotic discs. The antimicrobial activity of the isolated S. boulardii against bacterial pathogens related to diarrhea diseases was in-vitro determined by the Well Diffusion method. The biosafety assay findings also claimed S. boulardii could be a potential probiotic. The experimental findings suggest that the isolated S. boulardii possesses excellent probiotic capacities as a biotherapeutic agent for antidiarrheal and gastrointestinal disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Growth Characterization of a Novel Strain of Saccharomyces boulardii Isolated From Soya Paste

et al. 2020

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“…We speculate that the PGM2 mutation was enriched due to selection of S. boulardii in the natural habitat (sugar-rich fruits in tropical areas). KEYWORDS Saccharomyces boulardii, galactose, PGM2, genome editing S accharomyces boulardii was first isolated from the surfaces of mangosteen and lychee fruits, and this yeast has been proven to be an effective dietary supplement for treating diarrhea (1,2). S. boulardii has been extensively studied for its probiotic effects against gastrointestinal tract disorders (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Mutation in PGM2 Causing Inefficient Galactose Metabolism in the Probiotic Yeast Saccharomyces boulardii

Liu

Zhang

Kong

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The probiotic yeast has been extensively studied for the prevention and treatment of diarrheal diseases, and it is now commercially available in some countries. displays notable phenotypic characteristics, such as a high optimal growth temperature, high tolerance against acidic conditions, and the inability to form ascospores, which differentiate from The majority of prior studies stated that exhibits sluggish or halted galactose utilization. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying inefficient galactose uptake have yet to be elucidated. When the galactose utilization of a widely used strain, ATCC MYA-796, was examined under various culture conditions, the strain could consume galactose, but at a much lower rate than that of While all genes were present in the genome, according to analysis of genomic sequencing data in a previous study, a point mutation (G1278A) in , which codes for phosphoglucomutase, was identified in the genome of the strain. As the point mutation resulted in the truncation of the Pgm2 protein, which is known to play a pivotal role in galactose utilization, we hypothesized that the truncated Pgm2 might be associated with inefficient galactose metabolism. Indeed, complementation of in restored galactose utilization. After reverting the point mutation to a full-length in by Cas9-based genome editing, the growth rates of wild-type (with a truncated gene) and mutant (with a full-length) strains with glucose or galactose as the carbon source were examined. As expected, the mutant (with a full-length ) was able to ferment galactose faster than the wild-type strain. Interestingly, the mutant showed a lower growth rate than that of the wild-type strain on glucose at 37°C. Also, the wild-type strain was enriched in the mixed culture of wild-type and mutant strains on glucose at 37°C, suggesting that the truncated might offer better growth on glucose at a higher temperature in return for inefficient galactose utilization. Our results suggest that the point mutation in might be involved in multiple phenotypes with different effects. is a probiotic yeast strain capable of preventing and treating diarrheal diseases. However, the genetics and metabolism of this yeast are largely unexplored. In particular, molecular mechanisms underlying the inefficient galactose metabolism of remain unknown. Our study reports that a point mutation in, which codes for phosphoglucomutase, is responsible for inferior galactose utilization by After correction of the mutated via genome editing, the resulting strain was able to use galactose faster than a parental strain. While the mutation made the yeast use galactose slowly, investigation of the genomic sequencing data of other strains revealed that the mutation is evolutionarily conserved. Interestingly, the mutation was beneficial for growth at a higher temperature on glucose. We speculate that the mutation was enriched due to selection of in the natural habitat (sugar-rich fruits in tropical areas).

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“…cerevisiae (and DMF) as probiotic is interesting, it should, in the light of our study, be carefully implemented after further investigations into its effect and safety[22]. Our study showed that a higher S .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Depletion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in psoriasis patients, restored by Dimethylfumarate therapy (DMF)

et al. 2017

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BackgroundPsoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are chronic inflammatory diseases sharing similar pathogenic pathways. Intestinal microbial changes such as a decrease of bakers’ yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been reported in IBD, suggesting the presence of a gut-skin axis.ObjectiveTo investigate whether the S. cerevisiae abundance was altered in psoriasis patients versus healthy controls, and whether dimethylfumarate (DMF) interacted with this yeast.MethodsUsing qPCR, faecal samples were compared between psoriasis patients without DMF (n = 30), psoriasis patients with DMF (n = 28), and healthy controls (n = 32).ResultsFaecal S. cerevisiae abundance was decreased in psoriasis compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). Interestingly, DMF use raised S. cerevisiae levels (p<0.001). Gastrointestinal adverse-effects of DMF were correlated with a higher S. cerevisiae abundance (p = 0.010). In vitro, a direct effect of DMF on S. cerevisiae growth was observed. In addition, anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies were not elevated in psoriasis.ConclusionThe abundance of baker’s yeast S. cerevisiae is decreased in psoriasis patients, but appears to be restored upon DMF use. S. cerevisiae is generally classified as a yeast with beneficial immunomodulatory properties, but may also be involved in the occurrence of DMF’s gastrointestinal adverse-effects. Potentially, DMF might be a new therapy for IBD.

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Probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains as biotherapeutic tools: is there room for improvement?

Cited by 83 publications

References 65 publications

Identification and Growth Characterization of a Novel Strain of Saccharomyces boulardii Isolated From Soya Paste

Identification and Growth Characterization of a Novel Strain of Saccharomyces boulardii Isolated From Soya Paste

A Mutation in PGM2 Causing Inefficient Galactose Metabolism in the Probiotic Yeast Saccharomyces boulardii

Depletion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in psoriasis patients, restored by Dimethylfumarate therapy (DMF)

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