Depletion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in psoriasis patients, restored by Dimethylfumarate therapy (DMF)

Abstract

BackgroundPsoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are chronic inflammatory diseases sharing similar pathogenic pathways. Intestinal microbial changes such as a decrease of bakers’ yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been reported in IBD, suggesting the presence of a gut-skin axis.ObjectiveTo investigate whether the S. cerevisiae abundance was altered in psoriasis patients versus healthy controls, and whether dimethylfumarate (DMF) interacted with this yeast.MethodsUsing qPCR, faecal samples were compared between psoriasis patients without DMF (n = 30), psoriasis patients with DMF (n = 28), and healthy controls (n = 32).ResultsFaecal S. cerevisiae abundance was decreased in psoriasis compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). Interestingly, DMF use raised S. cerevisiae levels (p<0.001). Gastrointestinal adverse-effects of DMF were correlated with a higher S. cerevisiae abundance (p = 0.010). In vitro, a direct effect of DMF on S. cerevisiae growth was observed. In addition, anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies were not elevated in psoriasis.ConclusionThe abundance of baker’s yeast S. cerevisiae is decreased in psoriasis patients, but appears to be restored upon DMF use. S. cerevisiae is generally classified as a yeast with beneficial immunomodulatory properties, but may also be involved in the occurrence of DMF’s gastrointestinal adverse-effects. Potentially, DMF might be a new therapy for IBD.

P1′ Residue-Oriented Virtual Screening for Potent and Selective Phosphinic (Dehydro) Dipeptide Inhibitors of Metallo-Aminopeptidases

“…Metallo-aminopeptidases are etiological factors of microbial infections, for example, meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitides, or yeast species. Accordingly, Saccharomyces cerevisiae can cause alterations in the production of B4 leukotriene and is a target in the treatment of bowel diseases, candidiasis, or psoriasis [94]. The full description of the active centers and substrate specificities of some microbial metallo-aminopeptidases is not always possible because of the lack of exhaustive data (Table 6).…”

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) vs. monoethyl fumarate (MEF) salts for the treatment of plaque psoriasis: a review of clinical data

“…As S. cerevisiae is known to have beneficial immunomodulatory properties, this may offer a previously uninvestigated means by which DMF elicits its anti-psoriatic effects, i.e. via restoration of an anti-inflammatory microbiome [ 14 ].…”

The Pathogenesis of Extraintestinal Manifestations: Implications for IBD Research, Diagnosis, and Therapy

“…50 In addition, faecal Saccharomyces cerevisiae abundance is decreased in patients with psoriasis compared with healthy controls. 51 Primary sclerosing cholangitis has also been associated with decreased faecal microbial diversity. 15,52 One study has suggested that IBD patients have similar dysbiosis to IBD-PSC patients.…”