Probiotic-directed modulation of gut microbiota is basal microbiome dependent

Abstract

As an effective means to improve quality of life and prevent diseases, the demand for probiotics and related products has increased in recent years. However, it is still unclear whether a particular probiotic strain will have similar beneficial effects on healthy adults from different regions. In this study, the probiotic Lactobacillus casei Zhang (LCZ) was consumed by healthy adults from six different Asian regions and the changes in gut microbiota were compared using PacBio single molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology based on samples collected before, during and after consumption of LCZ. Our results reveal that the effect of LCZ consumption on individuals was closely related to the composition of that individual’s basal gut microbiota. A Gut Microbiota Variability Index (GMVI) was proposed to quantitatively compare the effects of LCZ on human gut microecology. Subjects from Xinjiang and Singapore regions had the highest and lowest GMVI, respectively. In general, consumption of LCZ increased the relative abundance of certain beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Coprococcus and Eubacterium rectale , while it inhibited growth of certain harmful bacteria such as Blautia and Ralstonia pickettii . In addition, consumption of LCZ was responsible for the conversion of some participants from Prevotella copri/Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (PF) enterotype to Faecalibacterium prausnitzii/Bacteroides dorei (FB) enterotype and consistently increased the abundance of lactic acid bacteria in the gut. It also increased/enhanced phosphate metabolic modules, amino acid transport systems, and isoleucine biosynthesis, but conversely decreased lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. These changes could have health benefits for healthy adults.

Probiotic Strains and Intervention Total Doses for Modulating Obesity-Related Microbiota Dysbiosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…L. paracasei ssp. paracasei F19 administration [ 51 ] maintained the stability of all clinical parameters, although some authors described a modification of Ruminococcus torques and Eubacterium rectale , and the latter is usually considered to belong to a group of beneficial bacteria [ 76 ]. As previously described, the Lactobacillus species are predominantly used, and they are consequently historically better described at strain level, such as L. curvatus HY7601 and L. plantarum KY1032 [ 77 ], which positively controlled all obesity parameters and slightly increase the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio.…”

The gut microbiome stability is altered by probiotic ingestion and improved by the continuous supplementation of galactooligosaccharide

“… 2 , 3 A variety of studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of probiotics on the phenotypical modulation of the host gut microbiome. 4 , 6 The commonly administered probiotics belong to the bacterial strains within genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium . Probiotics usually exhibit shared advantageous properties, 7 , 8 such as increased resistance against intestinal colonization by pathogenic microbes, restoration of the gut microbiome dysbiosis, 9 and promotion of the growth of beneficial, indigenous microbes 10 inhuman hosts.…”

Association between Altered Blood Parameters and Gut Microbiota after Synbiotic Intake in Healthy, Elderly Korean Women

“…Although previous studies have showed the positive effects of probiotic consumption on several health outcomes, many of these studies focused on populations with specific pathologies [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], potentially resulting in side effects [ 9 ]. Evidence supporting the health-promoting effects of probiotics in healthy adults is limited and less consistent [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Although many studies have investigated correlations with specific blood markers by targeting a single strain to observe disease associations, the findings of these studies might result from numerous confounding factors [ 13 ].…”