Probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 Has a Preventive Effect on the Acceleration of Colonic Permeability and M1 Macrophage Population in Maternally Separated Rats

Abstract

Although probiotics may be useful for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), it is unclear how probiotics play a role in colonic mucosal integrity and immunity. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 (BBG9-1) on colonic mucosal integrity and macrophage behavior in rats subjected to maternal separation (MS) as a model of IBS. MS pups were individually separated from their mother rats, and a proportion of the MS rats were orally administered BBG9-1. The colonic mucosal permeability was evaluated by Ussing chamber assay. The expression of tight junction proteins and cytokines and the population of CD80-positive cells was examined in the colonic tissues by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Caco2 cells were stimulated with cytokines and the transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) was measured. MS rats showed significantly higher colonic permeability and lower claudin 4 expression in the colonic epithelium relative to controls. The number of CD80-positive macrophages was significantly increased in the colonic mucosa of MS rats, accompanied by the increase of IL-6 and IFN-γ expression. BBG9-1 treatment ameliorated the increase of M1 macrophage and IL-6/IFN-γ expression in the colonic tissue of MS rats. Simultaneously, BBG9-1 treatment improved the enhanced mucosal permeability and the decreased claudin 4 expression in the colon of MS rats. IL-6 and IFN-γ, whose expression is enhanced in the colon of MS rats, significantly decreased TEER in Caco2 cells in vitro. Probiotic BBG9-1 has a preventive effect on the acceleration of colonic permeability and M1 macrophage population in maternally separated rats.

Microbiome First Medicine in Health and Safety

“…Preclinical research on targeted microbiome alterations is shown in Table 5 [ 184 , 185 , 186 , 187 , 188 , 189 , 190 , 191 , 192 , 193 , 194 , 195 ]. The range of these studies presages where Microbiome First Medicine is headed.…”

Current Status and Future Directions of Bacteria-Based Immunotherapy

“…Relying on the precise regulation of the targeting properties of engineered bacteria, specific release of drugs at the tumor site can be achieved, which is beneficial to reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions related to immunotherapy. Besides, plenty of commensal probiotics such as Lactic acid bacteria, has exhibited benefits for the prevention of colitis and moderation of diarrhea, indicating that it is a promising choice to employ engineered probiotics to alleviate some adverse reactions (130).…”

Microbiome First Medicine in Health and Safety

“…The era has passed in which the microbiome could simply be ignored in the practice of medicine. [184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195].…”

“…Conversely, attempts at systems biology fixes while the microbiome remains in dysbiosis are questionable and are unlikely to produce permanent cures. (rat) [195] of the colonic mucosal problems as seen with irritated bowel; M1-macrophage driven inflammation effects. There were reduced numbers of M1 macrophages with increased CD-80 positive cells; reduced inflammatory cytokine production; the probiotic administration protected and stabilized the colonic mucosa…”