Probiotic bacteria and intestinal epithelial barrier function

Ohland, Christina; MacNaughton, Wallace K.

doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00243.2009

Cited by 636 publications

(475 citation statements)

References 169 publications

(171 reference statements)

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“…They are generally regarded as safe, and only single cases of sepsis were described in patients with major comorbidities (7). In preterm infants, probiotics may act beneficially by improving the intestinal barrier (8) and promoting a healthy gut microflora (9). Furthermore, they exert antiinflammatory effects on the gut epithelium (10) and improve local and systemic immune responses (11) that may strengthen a preterm infant's still immature immune defense.…”

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confidence: 99%

Probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum) prevent NEC in VLBW infants fed breast milk but not formula

et al. 2014

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Background: Specific probiotics prevent necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). A mixture of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria (Infloran) was highly effective in Asian very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. We analyzed the effect of Infloran on NEC, NEC severity, and the influence of enteral feedings (breast milk vs. formula) on NEC prevention in a cohort of European VLBW infants. Methods: Infloran was implemented for routine use at our department. VLBW infants receiving probiotics were prospectively followed (2010)(2011)(2012) and compared with historic controls (2008)(2009). Data on NEC, neonatal morbidity, feeding tolerance, and descriptive parameters on NEC cases were analyzed. results: Infloran had no statistically significant impact on NEC (controls: 24/233 (10.3%); probiotics: 16/230 (7%); P = 0.2). However, NEC was significantly reduced in infants of the probiotics group who were fed any breast milk (20/179 (11.2%) vs. 10/183 (5.5%); P = 0.027), whereas it was ineffective in infants exclusively fed formula (4/54 (7.4%) vs. 6/44 (13.6%); P = 0.345). Occurrence of severe NEC (IIIb), time until full feeds, and gastric residuals were similar. conclusion: Infloran was of lower efficacy in a European VLBW cohort and showed a reduction of NEC only in infants fed breast milk. Future studies should investigate the influence of feeding formula or breast milk on the effect of probiotics.n ecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in premature infants (1). Although its pathogenesis is incompletely understood, a relation to an immature intestinal barrier, aberrant bacterial colonization, and enteral feedings is well established (2). Due to the seriousness of the disease, preventive strategies like the use of human milk and standardized feeding protocols (3-5) are of highest interest.Probiotics are microorganisms that confer a health benefit after ingestion (6). They are generally regarded as safe, and only single cases of sepsis were described in patients with major comorbidities (7). In preterm infants, probiotics may act beneficially by improving the intestinal barrier (8) and promoting a healthy gut microflora (9). Furthermore, they exert antiinflammatory effects on the gut epithelium (10) and improve local and systemic immune responses (11) that may strengthen a preterm infant's still immature immune defense. In the recent past, a preventive effect against NEC was assumed (12), and a variety of probiotic preparations were studied in randomized trials. Meta-analyses of these trials reported on a reduction of NEC in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants by 65% (13,14), and the use of probiotics in clinical routine was recommended. Based on these suggestions, we decided to introduce probiotics for NEC prophylaxis as standard of care at our department. The probiotic preparation Infloran (Laboratorio Farmaceutico, Mede, Italia) consists of a mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium infantis and was chosen as its use was suggested by European experts (14) and it was available ...

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Probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum) prevent NEC in VLBW infants fed breast milk but not formula

et al. 2014

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“…Among several mechanisms for actions of probiotics, probiotics exhibit beneficial effects on the host through the modulation of the intestinal microbial composition by suppressing pathogenic bacteria such as clostridia and increasing or protecting beneficial populations such as bifidobacteria [124]. Probiotics inhibit growth of enteric pathogens by direct antimicrobial actions via production of inhibitory substances, immunomodulation via immune cell stimulation, competitive exclusion via blocking of epithelial binding receptors, and improvement of epithelial barrier integrity via mucin and defensins [125,126].…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiome-Brain Communications Regulate Host Physiology and Behavior

Lee¹,

Serre²

2015

JNHFS

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cell injury [6], metabolic regulation [7], GI tract development [8], innate and adaptive immune responses, and absorption of nutrients [9,10]. Alterations in microbiota composition and dysregulation of the intestinal mucosa homeostasis have been implicated in the development and progression of pathologies. This compositional change in the microbiota and/ or an abnormality in the interactions between the host and the commensal microbiota is referred to as dysbiosis. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been linked to chronic low-grade intestinal inflammation and acute intestinal autoimmunity diseases such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) [11,12]. Abnormal microbiota composition is associated with a wide range of metabolic and behavioral disorders, such as anxiety/depression [13][14][15] [26]. GI microbiota dysbiosis might also be involved in the development and persistence of systemic disorders [27]. For example, obesity has been characterized by a decrease in overall diversity [28] and an increase in Proteobacteria abundance and in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio [28,29] and microbiota composition is believed to influence energy balance and glucose homeostasis [30][31][32].Evidence that changes in microbiota composition are correlated with metabolic and behavioral disorders has drawn attention to a potential causal role for the microbiota in pathologies and has led to the emergence of the 'microbiota-gutbrain axis' concept [33][34][35]. The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication system between the GI tract and the brain [36] via hormonal, immunological, and neural signaling. Information from the GI tract and the intestinal microbiota can reach the peripheral and Central Nervous System (CNS), concurrently the brain is able to influence GI functions such as motility and secretion but also immune responses and cytokine production [36,37]. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain AxisThe gut microbiota can modulate gut-brain axis signaling via direct and indirect mechanisms. The microbiota acts via endocrine, metabolic (bacterial components and metabolites), AbstractThe human gut microbiota contains more than 100 trillion bacteria that, under normal physiological conditions, have beneficial symbiotic interactions with the host. However, a growing body of evidence has shown that alternations in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota, or dysbiosis, can influence the development and progress of metabolic and neurological disorders. Communication between the microbiota and the brain is a bidirectional system involving endocrine, metabolic (bacterial components and metabolites), immune, and neural pathways. Gut microbiota composition influences the signals transmitted from the gut to the brain. Alternatively, the brain utilizes similar mechanisms, in particular endocrine and neural signaling, to modulate the composition of the gut bacteria. In this review, we describe the recent evidence of gut microbiota interaction with the central nervous system to influence physiological a...

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“…As said earlier by Metchnikoff; not all probiotics colonize gut to confer beneficial health effects (e.g., Bifidobacterium longum), some act in a transient manner by restoring and maintaining the homeostasis in the microbial gut flora (Lb. casei) (Ohland and Macnaughton 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in dairy and non-dairy probiotic products - a review

2015

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Health awareness has grown to a greater extent among consumers and they are looking for healthy probiotic counterparts. Keeping in this view, the present review focuses recent developments in dairy and non-dairy probiotic products. All over the world, dairy probiotics are being commercialized in many different forms. However, the allergy and lactose intolerance are the major set-backs to dairy probiotics. Whereas, flavor and refreshing nature are the major advantages of non-dairy drinks, especially fruit juices. Phenotypic and genotypic similarities between dairy and non-dairy probiotics along with the matrix dependency of cell viability and cell functionality are reviewed. The heterogeneous food matrices of non-dairy food carriers are the major constraints for the survival of the probiotics, while the probiotic strains from non-dairy sources are satisfactory. Technological and functional properties, besides the viability of the probiotics used in fermented products of non-dairy origin are extremely important to get a competitive advantage in the world market. The functional attributes of dairy and non-dairy probiotic products are further enhanced by adding prebiotics such as galacto-oligosaccharide, fructo-oligosaccharide and inulin.

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Probiotic bacteria and intestinal epithelial barrier function

Cited by 636 publications

References 169 publications

Probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum) prevent NEC in VLBW infants fed breast milk but not formula

Probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum) prevent NEC in VLBW infants fed breast milk but not formula

Gut Microbiome-Brain Communications Regulate Host Physiology and Behavior

Trends in dairy and non-dairy probiotic products - a review

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