Probing the QCD critical point with relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Bass, Steffen A.; Petersen, Hannah; Quammen, Cory; Canary, Hal; Healey, Christopher G.; Taylor, Russell M.

doi:10.2478/s11534-012-0076-1

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, initial state density fluctuations create sub-regions in the fireball and cause a notable dispersion of the thermodynamic properties of the fireball matter. Due to this effect, QCD matter may spread over at least 50 MeV in µ q in each single event [47]. This means that there is no well defined and narrow isentropic adiabat corresponding to a single event and energy but rather a large area of the phase diagram is covered in one collision at a specific energy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Structure of QCD Matter in a Chiral Effective Model with Quarks

Rau,

Steinheimer,

Schramm

2013

Preprint

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Using a unified hadron-quark effective model for the QCD equation of state, this paper studies the phase structure of strongly interacting matter in a wide range of temperature and baryonchemical potential. At small potentials the model yields a smooth cross-over to chirally restored matter with a transition temperature and curvature in line with recent lattice QCD estimates and thermal model fits of freeze-out curves. Trajectories of constant entropy per net baryon number show a clear dependence on the particle composition in the model and on repulsive vector field interactions. Although the model might feature a critical end-point at a rather high baryonchemical potential and low temperature, probing it in heavy-ion collisions might be highly challenging due to a large thermodynamic spread of matter in the collision fireball.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Structure of QCD Matter in a Chiral Effective Model with Quarks

Rau,

Steinheimer,

Schramm

2013

Preprint

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“…This is generally in line with the shape of the parametrization and thus considered another validation of the presented model. Let us also point out here that the spread of the system is significant even in single events, so a large part of the phase diagram can be covered with a limited range of beam energies (see also [50]). As expected the transition from hydrodynamics to hadronic transport happens slightly above the chemical freeze-out line, since the system should be mainly hadronic at that stage.…”

Section: Interfaces With Vhllementioning

confidence: 99%

Particle production in a hybrid approach for a beam energy scan of Au+Au/Pb+Pb collisions between $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 4.3 GeV and $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 200.0 GeV

Schäfer¹,

Karpenko²,

Wu³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Heavy-ion collisions at varying collision energies provide access to different regions of the QCD phase diagram. In particular collisions at intermediate energies are promising candidates to experimentally identify the postulated first order phase transition and critical end point. While heavy-ion collisions at low and high collision energies are theoretically well described by transport approaches and hydrodynamics+transport hybrid approaches, respectively, intermediate energy collisions remain a challenge. In this work, a modular hybrid approach, the SMASH-vHLLE-hybrid coupling 3+1D viscous hydrodynamics (vHLLE) to hadronic transport (SMASH), is introduced. It is validated and subsequently applied in Au+Au/Pb+Pb collisions between √ s NN = 4.3 GeV and √ s NN = 200.0 GeV to study the rapidity and transverse mass distributions of identified particles as well as excitation functions for dN/dy| y=0 and p T . A good agreement with experimental measurements is obtained, including the baryon stopping dynamics. The transition from a Gaussian rapidity spectrum of protons at lower energies to the double-hump structure at high energies is reproduced. The centrality and energy dependence of charged particle v 2 is also described reasonably well. This work serves as a basis for further studies, e.g. systematic investigations of different equations of state or transport coefficients.

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“…This is generally in line with the shape of the parametrization. Let us also point out here that the spread of the system is significant The error bars correspond to the widths of the T and μ B distributions, the solid line to a parametrization of experimentally obtained freezeout properties, taken from [48] even in single events, so a large part of the phase diagram can be covered with a limited range of beam energies (see also [50]). As expected the transition from hydrodynamics to hadronic transport happens slightly above the chemical freeze-out line, since the system should be mainly hadronic at that stage.…”

Section: Cooper-frye Transition Hypersurfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Particle production in a hybrid approach for a beam energy scan of Au+Au/Pb+Pb collisions between $$\sqrt{s_\textrm{NN}}$$ = 4.3 GeV and $$\sqrt{s_\textrm{NN}}$$ = 200.0 GeV

Schäfer

Karpenko

et al. 2022

Eur. Phys. J. A

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Heavy-ion collisions at varying collision energies provide access to different regions of the QCD phase diagram. In particular collisions at intermediate energies are promising candidates to experimentally identify the postulated first order phase transition and critical end point. While heavy-ion collisions at low and high collision energies are theoretically well described by transport approaches and hydrodynamics+transport hybrid approaches, respectively, intermediate energy collisions remain a challenge. In this work, a modular hybrid approach, the coupling 3+1D viscous hydrodynamics () to hadronic transport (), is introduced. It is validated and subsequently applied in Au+Au/Pb+Pb collisions between $$\sqrt{s_\textrm{NN}}$$ s NN = 4.3 GeV and $$\sqrt{s_\textrm{NN}}$$ s NN = 200.0 GeV to study the rapidity and transverse mass distributions of identified particles as well as excitation functions for $$\textrm{dN}/\textrm{d}y|_{y = 0}$$ dN / d y | y = 0 and $$\langle p_\textrm{T} \rangle $$ ⟨ p T ⟩ . A good agreement with experimental measurements is obtained, including the baryon stopping dynamics. The transition from a Gaussian rapidity spectrum of protons at lower energies to the double-hump structure at high energies is reproduced. The centrality and energy dependence of charged particle $$v_2$$ v 2 is also described reasonably well. This work serves as a basis for further studies, e.g. systematic investigations of different equations of state or transport coefficients.

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Probing the QCD critical point with relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Phase Structure of QCD Matter in a Chiral Effective Model with Quarks

Phase Structure of QCD Matter in a Chiral Effective Model with Quarks

Particle production in a hybrid approach for a beam energy scan of Au+Au/Pb+Pb collisions between $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 4.3 GeV and $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}$ = 200.0 GeV

Particle production in a hybrid approach for a beam energy scan of Au+Au/Pb+Pb collisions between $$\sqrt{s_\textrm{NN}}$$ = 4.3 GeV and $$\sqrt{s_\textrm{NN}}$$ = 200.0 GeV

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