Probing the provenance of archaeological glaze colorants: Polychrome faunal reliefs of the Ishtar Gate and the Processional Way of Babylon

Rodler, Alexandra S.; Klein, Sabine; Artioli, Gilberto; Brøns, Cecilie

doi:10.1111/arcm.12455

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…It is not easy to archaeologically pinpoint the emergence of ideas, which has been addressed both in the explanations of invention and innovation. While invention and innovation have interwoven and ever-shifting definitions in archaeological context [128; 132], the discovery and invention stages are followed by the 'innovation' ('diffusion') stage, referring to the spread of the invention in its region and beyond [132][133][134].…”

Section: Diffusion Of Innovations (Doi) and Lock-in Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This theoretical approach is known as the diffusion of innovations theory (DOI). E. M. Rogers, who developed the DOI theory [133], identified certain parameters requiring a community to adopt innovations like new ideas, technology, materials, or objects. These parameters are: a) relative advantage: the degree of being better than the one it supersedes; b) compatibility: agreeableness to standing needs and values; c) complexity: the ease of use and understanding; d) triability: the extend of being able to test or experiment with the innovation; e) observability: the detection of distinct results or benefits of the innovation.…”

Section: Diffusion Of Innovations (Doi) and Lock-in Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on lead isotope research on polychrome glazes of Neo-Babylonian reliefs (ca. 605–562 BC), Rodler and colleagues [ 83 ] tentatively proposed the Taurus Mountains as the origin of antimony-based opacifier for yellow glazes. This argument is in concordance with Özbal et al’s [ 32 ] findings for the use of Taurus stibnite as early as the Bronze Age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Why did the use of antimony-bearing alloys in Bronze Age Anatolia fall dormant after the Early Bronze Age?: A Case from Resuloğlu (Çorum, Turkey)

Dardeniz

2020

PLoS ONE

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The archaeometallurgical and archaeological research carried out in Anatolia has provided numerous examples of diverse alloying practices representing different levels of societal interaction, from the extraction of ores to the trade of finished goods and high level gift exchange among elites. While discussions abound about the exploitation of mines, mining settlements, possible origins of artifacts, resources of copper, arsenic, and especially tin to improve our knowledge about Anatolian Bronze Age mining and metallurgy, uncommon alloying practices including the use of antimony, nickel, or lead have long remained in the shadows of scholarly research. With the aim of bringing attention to the diversity in alloying practices in Anatolian metallurgy, this article focuses on the use of antimony through an appraisal of archaeological and textual evidence from Bronze Age Anatolia. Archaeometric data from several Early Bronze Age sites are re-examined alongside new data emerging from Resuloğlu (Çorum, Turkey) to explain the reduction of the variety of alloy types used. Portable-XRF analysis of artifacts from Resuloğlu and mineralogical analysis of an antimony-bearing ore fragment present evidence of use of antimony at the region during the Early Bronze Age. This period is followed by disappearance of antimony in material record until the Iron Age, while textual records weakly refer to its circulation within the region. This paper considers geological, technological, and socio-economic factors to explain why the use of antimony alloys falls dormant after the Early Bronze Age. The political and economic change towards centralization over geological and technological factors is proposed as an explanation.

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Section: Diffusion Of Innovations (Doi) and Lock-in Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diffusion Of Innovations (Doi) and Lock-in Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Why did the use of antimony-bearing alloys in Bronze Age Anatolia fall dormant after the Early Bronze Age?: A Case from Resuloğlu (Çorum, Turkey)

Dardeniz

2020

PLoS ONE

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“…Moreover, animal depictions in Paleolithic cave art correlated with faunal availability in the local ecology and likely reflected necessary knowledge for successful hunting ( Rice and Paterson, 1986 ). Animal motifs are found widely adorning the architecture of antiquity such as the lions on the Ishtar Gate of Babylon ( Rodler et al, 2019 ) and the jaguars on Olmec monuments in the Americas ( Grove, 1972 ). These animal depictions can range from realistically zoomorphic to the abstractly symbolic.…”

Section: Human Adaptations At Playmentioning

confidence: 99%

March Mammal Madness and the power of narrative in science outreach

Hinde

Amorim

Brokaw

et al. 2021

eLife

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March Mammal Madness is a science outreach project that, over the course of several weeks in March, reaches hundreds of thousands of people in the United States every year. We combine four approaches to science outreach – gamification, social media platforms, community event(s), and creative products – to run a simulated tournament in which 64 animals compete to become the tournament champion. While the encounters between the animals are hypothetical, the outcomes rely on empirical evidence from the scientific literature. Players select their favored combatants beforehand, and during the tournament scientists translate the academic literature into gripping “play-by-play” narration on social media. To date ~1100 scholarly works, covering almost 400 taxa, have been transformed into science stories. March Mammal Madness is most typically used by high-school educators teaching life sciences, and we estimate that our materials reached ~1% of high-school students in the United States in 2019. Here we document the intentional design, public engagement, and magnitude of reach of the project. We further explain how human psychological and cognitive adaptations for shared experiences, social learning, narrative, and imagery contribute to the widespread use of March Mammal Madness.

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“…the Parthenon (Aggelakopoulou and Bakolas, 2022). Since the Late Bronze Age (LBA), copper, bronze, and various copper-cobalt-nickel minerals were used as colourants to produce glass and glazes, for example in the dark blue glass inlay of the gold mask of Tutankhamun or for the Neo-Babylonian glazes of the Ishtar Gate and Processional Way (Fitz, 1982;Matson, 1986;Rodler et al, 2019), or the countless faience objects from ancient Egypt and beyond.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%