Probing the gravitational redshift with an Earth-orbiting satellite

Litvinov, D. A.; Rudenko, V. N.; Alakoz, A. V.; Bach, U.; Bartel, N.; Belonenko, Aleksei; Belousov, K. G.; Bietenholz, M. F.; Бирюков, А. В.; Carman, Randall; Cimò, G.; Courde, Clément; Dirkx, Dominic; Duev, Dmitry A.; Filetkin, A. I.; Granato, G.; Gurvits, L. I.; Gusev, A. V.; Haas, R.; Herold, G.; Kahlon, A.; Kanevsky, B. Z.; Kauts, V. L.; Kopelyansky, G.D.; Kovalenko, A. V.; Kronschnabl, Gerhard; Kulagin, V. V.; Kutkin, A. M.; Lindqvist, Michael; Lovell, J. E. J.; Mariey, Hervé; McCallum, Jamie; Calvés, Guifre Molera; Moore, Christopher S.; Moore, K.; Neidhardt, A.; Plötz, Christian; Pogrebenko, S. V.; Pollard, A. F.; Porayko, N. K.; Quick, J.; Smirnov, A. I.; Sokolovsky, K. V.; Stepanyants, V. A.; Torre, Jean‐Marie; Vicente, P. de; Yang, Jun; Zakhvatkin, M. V.

doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2017.09.014

Cited by 42 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As data taking of the GSAT-0201 and 0202 satellites continues, prospects for further improvements are limited by the uncertainty in temperature and magnetic field systematics due to the lack of sensors and telemetry. These limitations could be overcome by direct measures if a similar but dedicated mission was done in the future, which could be an interesting complement to other upcoming precision tests of the gravitational redshift, e.g., from the ACES mission [20] or the RadioAstron mission [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test of the Gravitational Redshift withGalileoSatellites in an Eccentric Orbit

et al. 2018

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On August 22, 2014, the satellites GSAT-0201 and GSAT-0202 of the European GNSS Galileo were unintentionally launched into eccentric orbits. Unexpectedly, this has become a fortunate scientific opportunity since the onboard hydrogen masers allow for a sensitive test of the redshift predicted by the theory of general relativity. In the present Letter we describe an analysis of approximately three years of data from these satellites including three different clocks. For one of these we determine the test parameter quantifying a potential violation of the combined effects of the gravitational redshift and the relativistic Doppler shift. The uncertainty of our result is reduced by more than a factor 4 as compared to the values of Gravity Probe A obtained in 1976.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test of the Gravitational Redshift withGalileoSatellites in an Eccentric Orbit

et al. 2018

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“…Considering realistic noise and systematic effects, and thanks to an (accidential) highly eccentric orbit, it is possible to improve on the GP-A limit to an uncertainty around (3-4) × 10 -5 after one year of integration of Galileo 5 and 6 data (Delva et al 2015). An improvement to 10 -5 is expected, when using the on-board atomic hydrogen maser clock on board of the RadioAstron satellite with highly eccentric orbit (Litvinov et al 2017). An even more stringent limit can come from the planned space mission ACES with an ultra-stable Cs clock in orbit, which aims for a 35-fold improvement of the GP-A results (Heß et al 2011).…”

Section: Relativistic Redshift Measurements -To Which Level Can We Trmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic clocks for geodesy

et al. 2018

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We review experimental progress on optical atomic clocks and frequency transfer, and consider the prospects of using these technologies for geodetic measurements. Today, optical atomic frequency standards have reached relative frequency inaccuracies below 10, opening new fields of fundamental and applied research. The dependence of atomic frequencies on the gravitational potential makes atomic clocks ideal candidates for the search for deviations in the predictions of Einstein's general relativity, tests of modern unifying theories and the development of new gravity field sensors. In this review, we introduce the concepts of optical atomic clocks and present the status of international clock development and comparison. Besides further improvement in stability and accuracy of today's best clocks, a large effort is put into increasing the reliability and technological readiness for applications outside of specialized laboratories with compact, portable devices. With relative frequency uncertainties of 10, comparisons of optical frequency standards are foreseen to contribute together with satellite and terrestrial data to the precise determination of fundamental height reference systems in geodesy with a resolution at the cm-level. The long-term stability of atomic standards will deliver excellent long-term height references for geodetic measurements and for the modelling and understanding of our Earth.

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“…Thus, one could conclude that inclusion in the payload of a SVLBI spacecraft operating at centimetre and longer wavelengths such a complicated and expensive device as a space-qualified H-maser is unnecessary provided the PLL option can be used. That said, the presence of the H-maser on board the RadioAstron spacecraft made it possible to conduct the ad hoc Gravitational Redshift Experiment (Litvinov et al, 2018;Nunes et al, 2019). Future advanced SVLBI systems operating at millimetre and sub-millimetre wavelengths (Andrianov et al, 2019;Fish et al, 2019;Kudrishov et al, 2019;Linz et al, 2019;Roelofs et al, 2019) might require new approaches to space-borne telescope heterodyning.…”

Section: Local Vlbi Heterodynesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space VLBI: from first ideas to operational missions

Gurvits

2020

Advances in Space Research

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The operational period of the first generation of dedicated Space VLBI (SVLBI) missions commenced in 1997 with the launch of the Japan-led mission VSOP/HALCA and is coming to closure in 2019 with the completion of in-flight operations of the Russia-led mission RadioAstron. They were preceded by the SVLBI demonstration experiment with the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) in 1986-1988. While the comprehensive lessons learned from the first demonstration experiment and two dedicated SVLBI missions are still awaiting thorough attention, several preliminary conclusions can be made. This paper addresses some issues of implementation of these missions as they progressed over four decades from the original SVLBI concepts to the operational status.

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Probing the gravitational redshift with an Earth-orbiting satellite

Cited by 42 publications

References 23 publications

Test of the Gravitational Redshift withGalileoSatellites in an Eccentric Orbit

Test of the Gravitational Redshift withGalileoSatellites in an Eccentric Orbit

Atomic clocks for geodesy

Space VLBI: from first ideas to operational missions

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