Probing influences of support layer on the morphology of polyamide selective layer of thin film composite membrane

Wang, Jiantao; Xu, Ruizhang; Yang, Feng; Kang, Jian; Cao, Ya; Xiang, Ming

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2018.04.011

Cited by 110 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Compared to the TFC membrane formed on pure support, at the optimal condition, the flux improved by 55.4% (0.84 to 1.3 m 3 m -2 day -1 ) with a slight increase in rejection (98.74% to 99.10%). Recently, Wang et al [285] explained the effect of substrate layer pore size on the formation of PA layer bottom surface. The study showed that the morphology of PA layer is affected by the PSf substrate.…”

Section: Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse osmosis desalination: A state-of-the-art review

et al. 2019

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Water scarcity is a grand challenge that has always stimulated research interests in finding effective means for pure water production. In this context, reverse osmosis (RO) is considered the leading and the most optimized membrane-based desalination process that is currently dominating the desalination market. In this review, various aspects of RO desalination are reviewed. Theories and models related to concentration polarization and membrane transport, as well as merits and drawbacks of these models in predicting polarization effects, are discussed. An updated review of studies related to membrane modules (plate and frame, tubular, spiral wound, and hollow fiber) and membrane characterization are provided. The review also discusses membrane cleaning and different pre-treatment technologies in place for RO desalination, such as feed-water pre-treatment and biocides. RO pre-treatment technologies, which include conventional (e.g., coagulationflocculation, media filtration, disinfection, scale inhibition) and non-conventional (e.g., MF, UF, and NF) are reviewed and their relative attributes are compared. As per the available literature, UF, MF and coagulation-flocculation are considered the most widely used pre-treatment technologies. In addition, this review discusses membrane fouling, which represents a serious challenge in RO processes due to its significant contribution to energy requirements and process economy (e.g., flux decline, permeate quality, membrane lifespan, increased feed pressure, increased pre-treatment and membrane maintenance cost). Different membrane fouling types, such as colloidal, organic, inorganic, and biological fouling, are addressed in this review. Principles of RO process design and the embedded economic and energy considerations are discussed. In general, cost of water desalination has dropped to values that made it a viable option, comparable even to conventional water treatment methods. Finally, an overview of hybrid RO desalination processes and the current challenges faced by RO desalination processes are presented and discussed.

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Section: Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse osmosis desalination: A state-of-the-art review

et al. 2019

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“…In order to study the morphologies of inorganic nano-filler GO, GO-H202, GO-H203, and GO-H204, the transmission electron microscopy (Tecnai G2 F20, FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) was performed at an accelerating voltage of 120 kV. Ultrathin sections of thinner than 100 nm for TEM observation were cryogenically cut with the Leica Ultracut S ultramicrotome, then collected on 200-mesh copper grids [28].…”

Section: Transmission Electron Microscopy (Tem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Effect of Hyperbranched Polyester Grafted Graphene Oxide on the Crystallization Behaviors of β-Nucleated Isotactic Polypropylene

Jiang

Fang

et al. 2019

Polymers

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In this article, hyperbranched polyester grafted graphene oxide (GO) was successfully prepared. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed for its characterizations. On the other hand, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) were also performed to study its influences on non-isothermal crystallization behaviors of β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene (β-iPP). The grafting ratios of hyperbranched polyester with different supermolecular structures were calculated to be 19.8–24.0 wt %, which increase with the degree of branching. The results showed that the grafting of hyperbranched polyester was advantageous in increasing the crystallization peak temperature Tp and decreasing the crystallization activation energy ΔE of β-iPP/GO composites, which contributed to the iPP’s crystallization process. Moreover, under all cooling rates (2, 5, 10, 20, 40 °C/min), crystallinities of β-iPP/GO were greatly improved after being grafted with hyperbranched polyester, because of the increase of the relative contents of α-phase αc and the average α-crystal sizes.

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“…The scanning range was 4000-400 cm À1 . 28 2.4.2 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To study the morphologies of the CNTs and CNTs-H20, transmission electron microscopy (TEM, Tecnai G2 F20, FEI, USA) was applied.…”

Section: Ft-irmentioning

confidence: 99%