Probing dynamical phase transitions with a superconducting quantum simulator

Xu, Kai; Sun, Zheng‐Hang; Liu, Wuxin; Zhang, Yu-Ran; Li, Hekang; Dong, Hang; Ren, Wenhui; Zhang, Pengfei; Nori, Franco; Zheng, Dewen; Fan, Heng; Wang, H.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba4935

Cited by 128 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Superconducting circuits can be fabricated into different lattice structures, such as 1D chain, ladder, fully connected graphs, and 2D square lattice. It is a versatile platform for performing various kinds of quantum-simulation experiments, e.g., quantum many-body dynamics [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] , quantum chemistry 35,36 , and implementing quantum algorithms [37][38][39][40][41][42] . Our quantum processor with 1D array of superconducting qubits is well suited for studying essential transport properties of spin and energy in BOs and WSL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of Bloch oscillations and Wannier-Stark localization on a superconducting quantum processor

Guo

et al. 2021

npj Quantum Inf

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Bloch oscillation (BO) and Wannier-Stark localization (WSL) are fundamental concepts about metal-insulator transitions in condensed matter physics. These phenomena have also been observed in semiconductor superlattices and simulated in platforms such as photonic waveguide arrays and cold atoms. Here, we report experimental investigation of BOs and WSL simulated with a 5-qubit programmable superconducting processor, of which the effective Hamiltonian is an isotropic XY spin chain. When applying a linear potential to the system by properly tuning all individual qubits, we observe that the propagation of a single spin on the chain is suppressed. It tends to oscillate near the neighborhood of their initial positions, which demonstrates the characteristics of BOs and WSL. We verify that the WSL length is inversely correlated to the potential gradient. Benefiting from the precise single-shot simultaneous readout of all qubits in our experiments, we can also investigate the thermal transport, which requires the joint measurement of more than one qubits. The experimental results show that, as an essential characteristic for BOs and WSL, the thermal transport is also blocked under a linear potential. Our experiment would be scalable to more superconducting qubits for simulating various of out-of-equilibrium problems in quantum many-body systems.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of Bloch oscillations and Wannier-Stark localization on a superconducting quantum processor

Guo

et al. 2021

npj Quantum Inf

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Superconducting quantum circuits have been used to simulate many physical systems. Spin systems have been a particular focus for quantum simulation through both analog [36][37][38][39] and digital [40,41] methods. However, with regard to digital simulations, a recent study [41] performed on an IBM QPU has concluded that the current state of SC quantum computers is too error-limited to produce dependable quantitative results for larger (six spins or more) systems.…”

Section: Use Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum computing hardware in the cloud: Should a computational chemist care?

Rossi

Baity

Schäfer

et al. 2021

Int J of Quantum Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Within the last decade much progress has been made in the experimental realization of quantum computing hardware based on a variety of physical systems. Rapid progress has been fuelled by the conviction that sufficiently powerful quantum machines will herald enormous computational advantages in many fields, including chemical research.A quantum computer capable of simulating the electronic structures of complex molecules would be a game changer for the design of new drugs and materials. Given the potential implications of this technology, there is a need within the chemistry community to keep abreast with the latest developments as well as becoming involved in experimentation with quantum prototypes. To facilitate this, here we review the types of quantum computing hardware that have been made available to the public through cloud services. We focus on three architectures, namely superconductors, trapped ions and semiconductors. For each one we summarize the basic physical operations, requirements and performance. We discuss to what extent each system has been used for molecular chemistry problems and highlight the most pressing hardware issues to be solved for a chemistry-relevant quantum advantage to eventually emerge. | INTRODUCTIONThis year marks exactly 40 years since Richard Feynman famously said [1]: "Nature isn't classical, dammit, and if you want to make a simulation of nature, you'd better make it quantum mechanical, and by golly it's a wonderful problem, because it doesn't look so easy." On the one hand, the visionary physicist anticipated the possibility (and the inherent difficulty) of building a new type of computing apparatus operating according to the laws of quantum mechanics. On the other hand, he had immediately identified one of its most useful areas of application, i.e. simulations of chemical and physical systems.Computational chemists will indeed benefit from future quantum computers for calculations of molecular energies to within chemical accuracy, defined to be the target accuracy necessary to estimate chemical reaction rates at room temperature (≈1 kcal/mol) [2]. Fully-fledged, errorfree quantum systems will enable predictions and simulations that are not possible today in terms of both accuracy and speed. This could have a revolutionary impact on the design of drugs, catalysts and materials by allowing computational methods to replace lengthy and expensive experimental procedures. Unfortunately, we are still in the infancy of the development of quantum computing technology and a machine that provides a quantum advantage in molecular chemistry over classical super-computers has not emerged yet. However, the progress in handling increasingly complex molecular and material chemistry has been relentless. Small-scale quantum machines developed by academic or corporate research centres have been initially used to simulate simple diatomic or triatomic molecules made up of just H and He atoms [3][4][5]. Recently, more powerful quantum computers have been used to simulate larger compounds conta...

show abstract

“…Due to the good scalability, long decoherence time, and high-precision full control, the superconducting circuit [15,16] becomes one of the most competitive candidates for achieving the universal quantum computation [31], and it is also a much suitable platform for per-forming quantum simulations [1,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Thus, it is natural to ask whether we can benefit advantages of superconducting circuits to simulate and further study LGTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of Emergent $\mathbb{Z}_2$ Gauge Invariance in a Superconducting Circuit

Wang,

Ge,

Xiang

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lattice gauge theory (LGT) is one of the most fundamental subjects in modern quantum many-body physics, and has recently attracted many research interests in quantum simulations. Here we experimentally investigate the emergent Z2 gauge invariance in a 1D superconducting circuit with 10 transmon qubits. By precisely adjusting the staggered longitude and transverse fields to each qubit, we construct an effective Hamiltonian containing a LGT and gauge-broken terms. The corresponding matter sector can exhibit localization, and there also exist a 3-qubit operator, of which the expectation value can retain nonzero for long time in a low-energy regime. The above localization can be regarded as confinement of the matter field, and the 3-body operator is the Z2 gauge generator. Thus, these experimental results demonstrate that, despite the absent of gauge structure in the effective Hamiltonian, Z2 gauge invariance can still emerge in the low-energy regime. Our work paves the way for both theoretically and experimentally studying the rich physics in quantum many-body system with an emergent gauge invariance.

show abstract

Probing dynamical phase transitions with a superconducting quantum simulator

Cited by 128 publications

References 37 publications

Observation of Bloch oscillations and Wannier-Stark localization on a superconducting quantum processor

Observation of Bloch oscillations and Wannier-Stark localization on a superconducting quantum processor

Quantum computing hardware in the cloud: Should a computational chemist care?

Observation of Emergent $\mathbb{Z}_2$ Gauge Invariance in a Superconducting Circuit

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About