Probable Involvement of Thaxtomin A in Pathogenicity of<i>Streptomyces scabies</i>on Seedlings

Leiner, R. H.; Fry, B. A.; Carling, D. E.; Loria, Rosemary

doi:10.1094/phyto-86-709

Cited by 69 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…Application of thaxtomin A (10 À5 M) alone on potato tuber tissues induced the development of scab-like lesions (Lawrence et al 1990; King et al 1991). Other disease symptoms, such as seedling growth inhibition, root or shoot thickening due to cell hypertrophy as well as cell death in a concentration-dependent manner have also been reported in response to thaxtomin A in a wide variety of plant species and tissues (Leiner et al 1996;King et al 2001;Fry and Loria 2002). The symptoms induced by thaxtomin A are very similar to those induced by specific inhibitors of cellulose biosynthesis such as dichlobenil (DCB) and isoxaben (King et al 2001;Desprez et al 2002;Fry and Loria 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Pathogenicity of S. scabiei is dependent on the production of thaxtomins, thaxtomin A being the major form produced by S. scabiei (King et al 1991(King et al , 1992Leiner et al 1996;Goyer et al 1998). Application of thaxtomin A (10 À5 M) alone on potato tuber tissues induced the development of scab-like lesions (Lawrence et al 1990; King et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thaxtomin A induces programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension-cultured cells

Duval

Brochu

Simard

et al. 2005

Planta

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Thaxtomin A is the main phytotoxin produced by Streptomyces scabiei, the causative agent of common scab disease of potato. Pathogenicity of S. scabiei is dependent on the production of thaxtomin A which is required for the development of disease symptoms, such as growth inhibition and cell death. We investigated whether thaxtomin A-induced cell death was similar to the hypersensitive cell death that often occurs in response to specific pathogens or phytotoxins during the so-called hypersensitive response (HR). We demonstrated that thaxtomin A induced in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension-cultured cells a genetically controlled cell death that required active gene expression and de novo protein synthesis, and which involved fragmentation of nuclear DNA, a characteristic hallmark of apoptosis. The thaxtomin A-induced form of programmed cell death (PCD) was not a typical HR, since defence responses generally preceding or associated with the HR, such as rapid medium alkalization, oxidative burst and expression of defence-related genes PR1 and PDF1.2, were not observed in plant cells following addition of thaxtomin A. Thaxtomin A has been shown to inhibit cellulose biosynthesis (Scheible et al. in Plant Cell 15:1781, 2003). We showed that isoxaben, a specific inhibitor of cellulose biosynthesis, also induced in Arabidopsis cell suspensions a PCD similar to that induced by thaxtomin A. These data suggested that rapid changes in the plant cell wall composition and organization can induce PCD in plant cells. We discuss how rapid inhibition of cellulose biosynthesis may trigger this process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thaxtomin A induces programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension-cultured cells

Duval

Brochu

Simard

et al. 2005

Planta

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“…Phytotoxic activity has been observed in a wide variety of seedlings of both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant species, including Arabidopsis (Leiner et al, 1996;King et al, 2001). These phytotoxins, which cause plant cell necrosis, are active already at nanomolar concentrations similar to those observed with commercial herbicides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Arabidopsis Mutant Resistant to Thaxtomin A, a Cellulose Synthesis Inhibitor fromStreptomycesSpecies[W]

et al. 2003

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Thaxtomin A is a phytotoxin produced by Streptomyces scabies and other Streptomyces species, the causative agents of common scab disease in potato and other taproot crops. At nanomolar concentrations, thaxtomin causes dramatic cell swelling, reduced seedling growth, and inhibition of cellulose synthesis in Arabidopsis. We identified a mutant of Arabidopsis, designated txr1 , that exhibits increased resistance to thaxtomin as a result of a decrease in the rate of toxin uptake. The TXR1 gene was identified by map-based cloning and found to encode a novel, small protein with no apparent motifs or organelle-targeting signals. The protein, which has homologs in all fully sequenced eukaryotic genomes, is expressed in all tissues and during all developmental stages analyzed. Microarray transcript profiling of some 14,300 genes revealed two stomatin-like genes that were expressed differentially in the txr1 mutant and the wild type. We propose that TXR1 is a regulator of a transport mechanism.

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“…Tashiro15) speculated that different potato scab symptoms are caused by different organisms: SI type strains induce common scab and RF type strains superficial or tumulus scab. In contrast, Loria et al 9,10) argued that the type of symptom depends on the thaxtomin A concentration in the lesion. Our findings that SI type strains produce both thaxtomin and concanamycins and that RF type strains produce only thaxtomin support the Tashiro's speculation.…”

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confidence: 95%

Differential Production of the Phytotoxins Thaxtomin A and Concanamycins A and B by Potato Common Scab-causing Streptomyces spp.

Natsume

Yamada

Tashiro

et al. 1998

Jpn. J. Phytopathol.

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Probable Involvement of Thaxtomin A in Pathogenicity ofStreptomyces scabieson Seedlings

Cited by 69 publications

References 0 publications

Thaxtomin A induces programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension-cultured cells

Thaxtomin A induces programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension-cultured cells

An Arabidopsis Mutant Resistant to Thaxtomin A, a Cellulose Synthesis Inhibitor fromStreptomycesSpecies[W]

Differential Production of the Phytotoxins Thaxtomin A and Concanamycins A and B by Potato Common Scab-causing Streptomyces spp.

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