Thaxtomin A induces programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension-cultured cells

Duval, Isabelle; Brochu, Viviane; Simard, Mathieu; Beaulieu, Carole; Beaudoin, Nathalie

doi:10.1007/s00425-005-0016-z

Cited by 82 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Thus, both types of cell death are likely to share common mechanistic elements (Greenberg and Yao, 2004). Interestingly, NLP Pya -or NLP Vd -induced plant cell death is accompanied by fragmentation of nuclear DNA (Veit et al, 2001;Wang et al, 2004) that resembles that caused by the cytolytic phytotoxin, thaxtomin A from Streptomyces scabiei (Duval et al, 2005). We found that NLP-induced PCD is light dependent and requires active plant metabolism.…”

Section: Nlps Induce a Distinct Type Of Pcdmentioning

confidence: 84%

Phytotoxicity and Innate Immune Responses Induced by Nep1-Like Proteins

et al. 2006

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We show that oomycete-derived Nep1 (for necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide1)-like proteins (NLPs) trigger a comprehensive immune response in Arabidopsis thaliana, comprising posttranslational activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, deposition of callose, production of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen intermediates, ethylene, and the phytoalexin camalexin, as well as cell death. Transcript profiling experiments revealed that NLPs trigger extensive reprogramming of the Arabidopsis transcriptome closely resembling that evoked by bacteria-derived flagellin. NLP-induced cell death is an active, light-dependent process requiring HSP90 but not caspase activity, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, or functional SGT1a/SGT1b. Studies on animal, yeast, moss, and plant cells revealed that sensitivity to NLPs is not a general characteristic of phospholipid bilayer systems but appears to be restricted to dicot plants. NLP-induced cell death does not require an intact plant cell wall, and ectopic expression of NLP in dicot plants resulted in cell death only when the protein was delivered to the apoplast. Our findings strongly suggest that NLP-induced necrosis requires interaction with a target site that is unique to the extracytoplasmic side of dicot plant plasma membranes. We propose that NLPs play dual roles in plant pathogen interactions as toxin-like virulence factors and as triggers of plant innate immune responses.

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Section: Nlps Induce a Distinct Type Of Pcdmentioning

confidence: 84%

Phytotoxicity and Innate Immune Responses Induced by Nep1-Like Proteins

et al. 2006

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“…The mechanism of auxin inhibition of thaxtomin A toxicity is not determined. Thaxtomin A has been reported to induce programmed cell death (PCD) in exposed plant tissues (12). Recently, Gopalan (13) demonstrated PCD could be reversed by treatment with auxins 2,4-D and IAA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin-Induced Resistance to Common Scab Disease of Potato Linked to Inhibition of Thaxtomin A Toxicity

et al. 2008

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Production of the phytotoxin thaxtomin A by pathogenic Streptomyces spp. is essential for induction of common scab disease in potato. Prior studies have shown that foliar application of sublethal concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and other auxin or auxin-like compounds significantly reduced severity and occurrence of common scab in subsequently produced tubers. However, the means of disease suppression by these compounds was not known. We confirm the disease suppressive activity of 2,4-D. Detailed tuber physiological examination showed that lenticel numbers, lenticel external dimensions, and periderm thickness and structure, physiological features believed to be critical to Streptomyces scabiei infection, were not substantially changed by 2,4-D treatments, negating a possible mechanism for disease suppression through alteration of these structures. In contrast, our studies show accumulation of 2,4-D in tubers of treated plants occurs and is associated with an enhanced tolerance to thaxtomin A. Applying 2,4-D to cultures of S. scabiei did not significantly alter in vitro growth of the pathogen. Thaxtomin A production by the pathogen was inhibited by 2,4-D, but only at the highest rate tested (1.0 mM), which is at least 200-fold more than is found in 2,4-D treated tubers. These data suggest 2,4-D has no direct effect on the pathogen or its virulence. Confirmatory evidence from studies with Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings demonstrated that the auxins 2,4-D and IAA ameliorate thaxtomin A toxicity. The evidence presented whereby auxin treatment inhibits toxicity of thaxtomin A secreted by the pathogen suggests a novel indirect means of disease suppression.

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“…However, recent studies have suggested that necrotrophic fungal pathogens can also manipulate the host during infection in subtle ways (Govrin and Levine 2000). To determine whether V. dahliae uses supernatant-induced cell death to manipulate its host, tobacco leaves were infiltrated with cycloheximide (CHX) (an inhibitor of protein synthesis) and actinomycin D (ActD) (an inhibitor of RNA synthesis), together with V. dahliae supernatant (Duval et al 2005). CHX efficiently delayed the development of leaf lesions ( Fig.…”

Section: Proteins Related To Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics-based analysis reveals that Verticillium dahliae toxin induces cell death by modifying the synthesis of host proteins

Xie

Wang

et al. 2013

J Gen Plant Pathol

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Verticillium dahliae is one of the most destructive soil-borne fungal pathogens that cause vascular wilt diseases in a wide range of important crop plants, including cotton. However, the mechanisms used by this pathogen to infect cotton have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we first investigated changes in protein abundance during the initial interaction between cotton roots and V. dahliae. Among the proteins that were upregulated upon infection, some were related to reactive oxygen species (ROS); among those downregulated upon infection were proteins involved in normal metabolism or cell structure. Further experiments confirmed that a sudden release of ROS and cell death accompany V. dahliae infection in the cotton vasculature. Further analysis indicated that a culture supernatant of V. dahliae induced lesion formation in tobacco leaves; de novo protein synthesis not active gene expression was required for this induction. Lesion formation was dependent on the age of leaves, but neither the known ROS burst nor the ubiquitin/ 26S proteasome system are prerequisites.

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Thaxtomin A induces programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension-cultured cells

Cited by 82 publications

References 71 publications

Phytotoxicity and Innate Immune Responses Induced by Nep1-Like Proteins

Phytotoxicity and Innate Immune Responses Induced by Nep1-Like Proteins

Auxin-Induced Resistance to Common Scab Disease of Potato Linked to Inhibition of Thaxtomin A Toxicity

Proteomics-based analysis reveals that Verticillium dahliae toxin induces cell death by modifying the synthesis of host proteins

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