Probability of Survival Decision Aid (PSDA)

Xu, Xiaojiang; Amin, Mitesh S.; Santee, William R.

doi:10.21236/ada478331

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Hayward developed a simple algorithm using water temperature to predict survival time (122). More sophisticated thermal models using biophysical principles and physiological control systems have also been employed to determine multiple end-points including time to hypothermia (35 • C), swimming muscle failure, and probability of survival (35,229,230,266,269,272). The Cold Exposure Survival Model and the Probability of Survival Decision Aid are two recent thermoregulatory models used by the search and rescue community (226,269).…”

Section: Prolonged Water Immersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold Stress Effects on Exposure Tolerance and Exercise Performance

Castellani

Tipton

2015

Comprehensive Physiology

110

115

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Cold weather can have deleterious effects on health, tolerance, and performance. This paper will review the physiological responses and external factors that impact cold tolerance and physical performance. Tolerance is defined as the ability to withstand cold stress with minimal changes in physiological strain. Physiological and pathophysiological responses to short-term (cold shock) and long-term cold water and air exposure are presented. Factors (habituation, anthropometry, sex, race, and fitness) that influence cold tolerance are also reviewed. The impact of cold exposure on physical performance, especially aerobic performance, has not been thoroughly studied. The few studies that have been done suggest that aerobic performance is degraded in cold environments. Potential physiological mechanisms (decreases in deep body and muscle temperature, cardiovascular, and metabolism) are discussed. Likewise, strength and power are also degraded during cold exposure, primarily through a decline in muscle temperature. The review also discusses the concept of thermoregulatory fatigue, a reduction in the thermal effector responses of shivering and vasoconstriction, as a result of multistressor factors, including exhaustive exercise.

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Section: Prolonged Water Immersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold Stress Effects on Exposure Tolerance and Exercise Performance

Castellani

Tipton

2015

Comprehensive Physiology

110

115

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“…Scientifically based models have been used in the development of public [97,98,103,104,[130][131][132] and military guidance [75,131,133], for forensic assessments [134][135][136][137][138][139][140], as well in the creation of operational tools for survival [141,142]. Notably, the use of Xu and Werner's six cylinder model [41] was used to develop the Probability of Survival Decision Aid (PSDA), a computer model used to predict hypothermia and dehydration impact on functional time (i.e., duration of ability for useful work), and survival time while exposed to marine environments [67,143,144]. The PSDA model is underpinned by the rational principles described herein and the outputs are provided in a customized graphical user interface.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PSDA model is underpinned by the rational principles described herein and the outputs are provided in a customized graphical user interface. This tool has been transitioned for use by Search and Rescue (SaR) personnel and continues to be refined and verified based on real-world feedback and data collected [144].…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Thermoregulatory Responses to Cold Environments

Potter¹,

Looney²,

Xu³

et al. 2020

Autonomic Nervous System Monitoring - Heart Rate Variability

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The ability to model and simulate the rise and fall of core body temperature is of significant interest to a broad spectrum of organizations. These organizations include the military, as well as both public and private health and medical groups. To effectively use cold models, it is useful to understand the first principles of heat transfer within a given environment as well as have an understanding of the underlying physiology, including the thermoregulatory responses to various conditions and activities. The combination of both rational or first principles and empirical approaches to modeling allow for the development of practical models that can predict and simulate core body temperature changes for a given individual and ultimately provide protection from injury or death. The ability to predict these maximal potentials within complex and extreme environments is difficult. The present work outlines biomedical modeling techniques to simulate and predict coldrelated injuries, and discusses current and legacy models and methods.

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“…Using height, mass, body fat% relationships weighted to the entire US population and including the effects of age are more appropriate for the U.S. Coast Guard's use of PSDA than the original PSDA equations for height, mass and body fat % [ 1 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The USARIEM Probability of Survival Decision Aid (PSDA ver 1.0) has gender, height, mass, and body fat percentage inputs [ 1 ], but not age, that are either 'User Defined' or categorized as Very High, High, Mean, Low, Very Low. The default values of height and mass are from CDC's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) [ 2 ]; and body fat% are from [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probability of Survival Decision Aid (PSDA)

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Cold Stress Effects on Exposure Tolerance and Exercise Performance

Cold Stress Effects on Exposure Tolerance and Exercise Performance

Modeling Thermoregulatory Responses to Cold Environments

Height, mass, and body fat percentage as functions of bmi, gender and age for PSDA from the NHANES 1999-2004 data sets

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