Probability of occurrence and phenology of pine wilt disease transmission by insect vectors in the Rocky Mountains

Atkins, David H.; Davis, Thomas S.; Stewart, Jane E.

doi:10.1002/2688-8319.12044

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Measures of aphid phenology were derived from the cumulative proportion of aphids captured over the course of a growing season, for which one curve was modeled for each site × year combination for A. glycines , R. maidis , and R. padi separately. Phenology variables used in our analyses that captured aspects of early, peak, and late activity, included: (1) ordinal date of first flight; (2–4) ordinal dates at which 10%, 50%, and 90% of flights accumulated; (5) ordinal date of last flight; (6) flight duration, defined as the difference between dates of last and first flights; or (7), as the difference between dates of 90% and 10% flights; and (8) flight synchrony, defined as the slope of a two‐parameter logistic regression model fitted to the cumulative proportion aphid flight curve over time at its inflection point (date at which 50% of flights accumulated), where the slope approaches 1 as synchrony increases (Atkins et al, 2021). Slopes representing flight synchrony were computed in JMP PRO v.15 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation change accentuates or reverses temperature effects on aphid dispersal

Crossley

Lagos‐Kutz

Davis

et al. 2022

Ecological Applications

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Global temperatures are generally increasing, and this is leading to a well documented advancement and extension of seasonal activity of many pest insects. Effects of changing precipitation have received less attention, but might be complex because rain and snow are increasing in some places but decreasing in others. This raises the possibility that altered precipitation could accentuate, or even reverse, the effects of rising temperatures on pest outbreaks. We used >592 K aphid suction-trap captures over 15 years, in the heavily farmed central USA, to examine how the activity of Aphis glycines (soybean aphid), Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn aphid), and Rhopalosiphum padi (bird cherry-oat aphid) changed with variation in both temperature and precipitation. Increasing precipitation caused late-season flight activity of A. glycines and early-season activity of R. padi to shift earlier, while increasing temperature did the same for early-season activity of A. glycines and R. maidis.In these cases, precipitation and temperature exhibited directionally similar, but independent, effects. However, precipitation sometimes mediated temperature effects in complex ways. At relatively low temperatures, greater precipitation generally caused late-season flights of R. maidis to occur earlier. However, this pattern was reversed at higher temperatures with precipitation delaying late-season activity. In contrast, greater precipitation delayed peak flights of R. padi at lower temperatures, but caused them to occur earlier at higher temperatures. So, in these two cases the interactive effects of precipitation on temperature were mirror images of one another. When projecting future aphid flight phenology, models that excluded precipitation covariates consistently underpredicted the degree of phenological advance for A. glycines and R. padi, and underpredicted the degree of phenological delay for R. maidis under expected future climates. Overall, we found broad evidence that changing patterns of aphid flight phenology could only be understood by considering both temperature and precipitation changes. In our study region, temperature and precipitation are expected to increase in tandem, but these correlations will be reversed elsewhere. This reinforces the need to include both main and

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation change accentuates or reverses temperature effects on aphid dispersal

Crossley

Lagos‐Kutz

Davis

et al. 2022

Ecological Applications

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“…A survey was made to determine the occurrence of PWN and its beetle vectors (Monochamus spp.) on the native Pinus ponderosa in Colorado, USA, over two years and in forests (32 sites) and urban settings (12 settings) (Atkins et al, 2021). There was much variation in the incidence of PWN with many host trees not displaying symptoms; overall, the incidence of the nematode in sampled pines and beetles was about 4%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Synoptic Review of Plant Disease Epidemics and Outbreaks Published in 2021

Jeger¹,

Fielder²,

Beale³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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A synoptic review of plant disease epidemics and outbreaks was made using two complementary approaches. The first approach involved reviewing scientific literature published in 2021, in which quantitative data related to new plant disease epidemics or outbreaks had been obtained via surveys or similar methodologies. The second approach involved retrieving new pest presence records added to the CABI Distribution Database in 2021. The literature review for the first approach had two stages. Stage 1 aimed to identify publications on plant diseases caused by pathogen taxonomic groups and led to retrieval of 99 core articles describing studies in 62 categories (pathogen species or species complexes) across more than 40 host species in 6 continents. In Stage 2, the core articles were augmented with further articles providing more context and information for the pathogen species identified in Stage 1. When both sets of articles were combined, the pathogen species with more than 5 articles were: Bursephalenchus xylophilus, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, cassava mosaic viruses, citrus tristeza virus, Erwinia amylovora, Fusarium spp. complexes, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense, Magnaporthe oryzae, maize lethal necrosis co-infecting viruses, Meloidogyne spp. complexes, Pseudomonas syringae pvs, Puccinia striiformis f.sp tritici, Xylella fastidiosa, and Zymoseptoria tritici. The automated search of the CABI Distribution Database led to 617 new distribution records from 283 plant pathogens in 2021 and was followed by manual review of all pathogens with more than 4 new records, to identify confirmed first reports in a new location. A total of 15 pathogens was identified: apple hammerhead viroid, apple rubbery wood viruses, Aphelenchoides besseyi, Biscogniauxia mediterranea, Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus, citrus tristeza virus, Colletotrichum siamense, cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus, Erwinia rhapontici, Erysiphe corylacearum, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical Race 4, Globodera rostochiensis, Nothophoma quercina, potato spindle tuber viroid, and tomato brown rugose fruit virus. Although 3 very important pathogens – Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus, citrus tristeza virus and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense – were represented in the results of both approaches, in general the two approaches revealed distinct sets of plant disease outbreaks and new records, with little overlap in the results.

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Probability of occurrence and phenology of pine wilt disease transmission by insect vectors in the Rocky Mountains

Atkins

Davis

Stewart

2021

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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1. Pine wilt disease, caused by pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus; abbreviated 'PWN'), is a damaging and globally distributed insect-vectored forest pathogen. Native forest tree mortality associated with PWN is newly reported from the Front Range of Colorado, but there is no regional information on PWN frequency or biology of local insect vectors, limiting management options. 2. A sampling array was established to survey PWN in native pines (Pinus ponderosa) and longhorn beetles (Monochamus clamator and M. scutellatus) over 2 years and across natural and urban forest landscapes. We developed flight phenology models and evaluated effects of landscape factors on vector abundance and probability of infection. 3. Flight phenology was similar for vectors; Monochamus flight initiated in mid-July and continued into October for both species. We report the first M. clamator-PWN association in the United States. PWN was distributed in the region at rates lower than reported from its putative native range: 3.6 and 4.2% of sampled pines and beetles, respectively, tested positive for PWN. Many host trees were outwardly asymptomatic; infection frequency in tree populations varied considerably and four epicentres of vector infectivity were identified. 4. Epicentres varied in timing of anomalous infective vector frequency-some epicentres had high abundances of infected beetles early in the growing season whereas others had high abundances of infected beetles late in the growing season, though PWN-positive beetles were captured at all sites. Monochamus populations were found primarily in natural forest stands but migrated to urban areas late in the growing season. The only landscape factor positively correlated with abundances of both Monochamus species was distance to previous wildfire. 5. PWN epicentres in the southern Rocky Mountains exhibit specific temporal windows of vector activity that differ from proximal sites. Urban forests, where the disease was initially observed in the region, do not support vector populations. Our results suggest that natural forest landscapes in the region are important reservoirs of PWN, and vector populations are especially abundant near burned stands. Collectively, our findings This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Probability of occurrence and phenology of pine wilt disease transmission by insect vectors in the Rocky Mountains

Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

Precipitation change accentuates or reverses temperature effects on aphid dispersal

Precipitation change accentuates or reverses temperature effects on aphid dispersal

A Synoptic Review of Plant Disease Epidemics and Outbreaks Published in 2021

Probability of occurrence and phenology of pine wilt disease transmission by insect vectors in the Rocky Mountains

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