Probability Distribution of Dependencies Based on a Chinese Dependency Treebank

Liu, Haitao

doi:10.1080/09296170902975742

Cited by 36 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This approach is based on the dependency relations between individual words (Tesnière, 1959; Hudson, 2007; Liu, 2009). It is generally accepted that a dependency relation has the following three core properties (Tesnière, 1959; Liu, 2009): (i) It is a binary relation between two linguistic units; (ii) It is always asymmetrical and directed, with one of the two units acting as head and the other as dependent; (iii) It is labeled, and the type of the dependency relation is usually indicated using a label on top of the arc linking the two units. Based on these three properties, a syntactic dependency tree or directed dependency graph can be constructed as the representation of the syntactic structure of a sentence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependency Distance Differences across Interpreting Types: Implications for Cognitive Demand

Liang

Fang

et al. 2017

Front. Psychol.

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Interpreting is generally recognized as a particularly demanding language processing task for the cognitive system. Dependency distance, the linear distance between two syntactically related words in a sentence, is an index of sentence complexity and is also able to reflect the cognitive constraints during various tasks. In the current research, we examine the difference in dependency distance among three interpreting types, namely, simultaneous interpreting, consecutive interpreting and read-out translated speech based on a treebank comprising these types of interpreting output texts with dependency annotation. Results show that different interpreting renditions yield different dependency distances, and consecutive interpreting texts entail the smallest dependency distance other than those of simultaneous interpreting and read-out translated speech, suggesting that consecutive interpreting bears heavier cognitive demands than simultaneous interpreting. The current research suggests for the first time that interpreting is an extremely demanding cognitive task that can further mediate the dependency distance of output sentences. Such findings may be due to the minimization of dependency distance under cognitive constraints.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependency Distance Differences across Interpreting Types: Implications for Cognitive Demand

Liang

Fang

et al. 2017

Front. Psychol.

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“…Liu (2009a) quantitatively investigated Chinese syntactic features using a dependency treebank. These two papers built the basics for syntactic quantitative research based on phrase structure and dependency relations.…”

Section: Quantitative Syntactic Characteristics Of Essencementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of Zamenhof’s Esenco kaj estonteco

Liu

2011

LPLP

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The formation of a language community in a planned language is one of the most important steps in its development. Esperanto is the only fully functional language with relative success among more than one thousand planned language projects. Model texts have played a very significant role in the development of Esperanto. Esenco kaj estonteco de la ideo de lingvo internacia (Essence and future of the international language idea) by the founder of Esperanto, L. L. Zamenhof, is an important document on Esperanto. Taking the essay as the research object, this paper carries through lexical and syntactical analysis on Esperanto by adopting the research methods of quantitative linguistics and complex networks. The results show that the morpheme distribution of Esperanto follows a power law, word frequency distribution fits Zipf's Law, word length distribution is an exponential curve, and word class distribution obeys linear law. It is also clear that Esperanto is a language with SVO word order preference, the mean dependency distance of Esperanto is 3.85, and the distribution of the dependency distance tends to a minimum, making it typologically a head-middle language. A 43.6% dependency relation appears in adjacent words. The complex syntactic networks of Esperanto display the characteristics of small-world, scalefree networks. All of these quantitative characteristics of Esperanto demonstrate that it is structurally a normal human language.

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“…2 Aber auch für das Niederländische (Beek, 2002) und das Italienische (Bosco und Lombardo, 2004) sowie für einige asiatische Sprachen wie Japanisch (Lepage u.a., 1998), Hindi (Bharati u.a., 2002) oder Chinesisch (Liu, 2009) gibt es inzwischen Dependenzbaumbanken. Auch für das Arabische (Hajič u.a., 2004) wurde nach dem Vorbild der Prager Baumbank ein syntaktisch annotiertes Korpus erstellt.…”

Section: Dependenzen In Der Korpuslinguistikunclassified

Der Einfluss der Dependenzgrammatik auf die Computerlinguistik

Rehbein¹

2010

ZFGL

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In 1959, Lucien Tesnière wrote his main work Éléments de syntaxe structurale. While the impact on theoretical linguistics was not very strong at first, 50 years later there exist a variety of linguistic theories based on Tesnière's work. In computational linguistics, as in theoretical linguistics, dependency grammar was not very influential at first. The last 10-15 years, however, have brought a noticeable change and dependency grammar has found its way into computational linguistics. Syntactically annotated corpora based on dependency representations are available for a variety of languages, as well as statistical parsers which give a syntactic analysis of running text describing the underlying dependency relations between word tokens in the text. This article gives an overview of relevant areas of computational linguistics which have been influenced by dependency grammar. It discusses the pros and cons of different types of syntactic representation used in natural language processing and their suitability as representations of meaning. Finally, an attempt is made to give an outlook on the future impact of dependency grammar on computational linguistics.

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Probability Distribution of Dependencies Based on a Chinese Dependency Treebank

Cited by 36 publications

References 5 publications

Dependency Distance Differences across Interpreting Types: Implications for Cognitive Demand

Dependency Distance Differences across Interpreting Types: Implications for Cognitive Demand

Quantitative analysis of Zamenhof’s Esenco kaj estonteco

Der Einfluss der Dependenzgrammatik auf die Computerlinguistik

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