Probabilistic prediction of exposures to arsenic contaminated residential soil

Lee, Robert C.; Kissel, John C.

doi:10.1007/bf00661328

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Non‐biologic factors include SES, insurance access, demographic location, and environmental exposures, among others 6,47,54,55 . The latter may be particularly relevant to the Texas/Chihuahua border, a former site of the American Smelting and Refining Company, which has been associated with increased cancer incidence in Washington, Arizona, and Montana 56‐63 . In addition, the Texas/Chihuahua border harbors many large‐scale polluting facilities, thriving freight industries, and an expanding military base 64 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic and border differences on blood cancer presentation and outcomes: A Texas population‐based study

Bencomo‐Alvarez

Gonzalez

Rubio

et al. 2020

Cancer

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Background The Texas/Chihuahua (US/Mexico) border is a medically underserved region with many reported barriers for health care access. Although Hispanic ethnicity is associated with health disparities for many different diseases, the population‐based estimates of incidence and survival for patients with blood cancer along the border are unknown. The authors hypothesized that Hispanic ethnicity and border proximity is associated with poor blood cancer outcomes. Methods Data from the Texas Cancer Registry (1995‐2016) were used to investigate the primary exposures of patient ethnicity (Hispanic vs non‐Hispanic) and geographic location (border vs non‐border). Other confounders and covariates included sex, age, year of diagnosis, rurality, insurance status, poverty indicators, and comorbidities. The Mantel‐Haenszel method and Cox regression analyses were used to determine adjusted effects of ethnicity and border proximity on the relative risk (RR) and survival of patients with different blood cancer types. Results Hispanic patients were diagnosed at a younger age than non‐Hispanic patients and presented with increased comorbidities. Whereas non‐Hispanics had a higher incidence of developing blood cancer compared with Hispanics overall, Hispanics demonstrated a higher incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (RR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.79‐2.08; P < .001) with worse outcomes. Hispanics from the Texas/Chihuahua border demonstrated a higher incidence of chronic myeloid leukemia (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.51; P = .02) and acute myeloid leukemia (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.33; P = .0009) compared with Hispanics living elsewhere in Texas. Conclusions Hispanic ethnicity and border proximity were associated with a poor presentation and an adverse prognosis despite the younger age of diagnosis. Future studies should explore differences in disease biology and treatment strategies that could drive these regional disparities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic and border differences on blood cancer presentation and outcomes: A Texas population‐based study

Bencomo‐Alvarez

Gonzalez

Rubio

et al. 2020

Cancer

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“…For this reason, it is important that soil ingestion be considered in any risk assessments involving not only Pb, but also other potentially harmful elements (PHEs; e.g. As) and organic contaminants such as dioxins (Gough, 1991;Lee and Kissel, 1995;Lee et al, 1995). The importance of urban soils is also evident, though to date their significance has been undervalued.…”

Section: Ingestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soils: their implications to human health

Abrahams

2002

Science of The Total Environment

489

202

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This paper reviews how the health of humans is affected by the world's soils, an association that to date has been under appreciated and under reported. Soils significantly influence a variety of functions (e.g. as a plant growth medium; its importance on the cycling of water; as a foundation for buildings) that sustains the human population. Through ingestion (either deliberate or involuntary), inhalation and dermal absorption, the mineral, chemical and biological components of soils can either be directly beneficial or detrimental to human health. Specific examples include: geohelminth infection and the supply of mineral nutrients and potentially harmful elements (PHEs) via soil ingestion; cancers caused by the inhalation of fibrous minerals or Rn gas derived from the radioactive decay of U and Th in soil minerals; and tetanus, hookworm disease and podoconiosis caused by skin contact and dermal absorption of appropriate soil constituents. Human health can also be influenced in more indirect ways as soils interact with the atmosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere. Examples include: the volatilisation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from soils and their subsequent global redistribution that has health implications to the Aboriginal people of the Arctic; the frequent detrimental chemical and biological quality of drinking and recreational waters that are influenced by processes of soil erosion, surface runoff, interflow and leaching; and the transfer of mineral nutrients and PHEs from soils into the plants and animals that constitute the human food chain. The scale and magnitude of soil/health interactions are variable, but at times a considerable number of people can be affected as demonstrated by the extent of hookworm infection or the number of people at risk because they live in an I-deficient environment. Nevertheless, it can often be difficult to establish definite links between soils and human health. This, together with the emergence of new risks, knowledge, or discoveries, means that there is considerable scope for research in the future. Such investigations should involve a multidisciplinary approach that both acquires knowledge and ensures its dissemination to people in an understandable way. This requires an infrastructure and finance that governments need to be responsive to.

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