Probabilistic evaluation of voltage and reactive power control methods of wind generators in distribution networks

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive approach to evaluate the effects of voltage and reactive power control methods for local and coordinated control schemes applied to wind generators (WGs) in distribution networks. Considering uncertainties related to variation of load demand, wind speed and outage of WGs, the approach employs a Monte Carlo-based framework to ascertain the benefits and drawbacks of each scheme with respect to the resulting statistical attributes of voltage profiles, tap activity of on-load tap changers and total active power losses. A 20 kV radial distribution network with four identical feeders, which resembles a typical case in Germany, is used for numerical tests.

Directional derivative‐based method for quasi‐stationary voltage support analysis of single‐infeed VSC‐HVDC units

“…This condition might constitute a challenge in terms of the VSC unit design and the VSC unit's coordination with other voltage support systems (e.g. the transformer tap changers) [16].…”

“…The selection of a suitable RPC mode can avoid undesirable control interactions (or voltage hunting issues) as mentioned in [14]. Examples of such controllers interactions have been already reported for transmission networks [15] or distribution networks [16], for other types of renewable energy systems based on VSC technology. These studies have found that in some circumstances, the of a VSC unit, might induce higher operation cycles in the on‐load tap changers units, when its compared against other RPC modes of a VSC unit.…”

Investigation of background noise in active distribution network and its impacts on synchrophasor estimation

“…The CIGRE C6.11 project team proposed the concept of active distribution network (ADN) in 2008 to address the issue of compatibility and application of large‐scale intermittent RES to enhance the utilisation of renewable energy. The distributed power sources, such as wind power and photovoltaics [2, 3], energy storage [4], and the active demand loads are integrated into the ADN. The intermittent or random property of RES may lead to power fluctuation in the distribution network, affecting the reactive power voltage coordination control of ADN management system, fault location [5] and so on.…”

Optimization-based reactive power control in HVDC-connected wind power plants

“…System operators use optimization algorithms to minimize electrical losses by tuning set-points of on-load tap changer (OLTC) of transformers or other electrical equipment which can control voltage or reactive power (e.g. WPPs, static compensator (STATCOM) capable assets and reactive power compensators) [13,14,15,16,17]. The same approach can be applied to an internal WPP grid which has been studied for ac-connected WPPs in [18,19,20,21] and dc-connected WPPs in [22,23].…”