Probabilistic analysis of human supervised learning and classification

Rentschler, Ingo; Jüttner, Martin; Caelli, Terry

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(94)90021-3

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…But the latter assumption again raises problems because ofthe radial anisotropy ofthe visual field. As noted in the introduction, there is evidence (Hittner & Rentschler, 1996;Rentschler et al, 1994;Strasburger et al, 1994) that internal representations of foveal and extrafoveal differ substantially from each other in terms of their perceptual dimensionality. The object in the periphery becoming a target for a saccadic eye movement and the object fixated after termination of the saccade may be the same, but the corresponding neural activation patterns are not on account of this foveal-extrafoveal incompatibility.…”

Section: -R------------mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of perceptual context on transsaccadic visual matching

Jüttner

1997

Perception & Psychophysics

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Transsaccadic visual matching refers to the phenomenon in which presaccadic signals at the location ofthe saccade goal influence the visibility ofpostsaccadic test signals presented at the fovea (Juttner & Rohler, 1993).The present study uses variations ofthe perceptual context, provided by the structure of the presaccadic stimulus display, to investigate the influence of spatial information, decision factors, and visual attention on this form of transsaccadic information processing. The experiments yielded the following results: First, analysis of the data in terms of signal detection theory revealed that transsaccadic visual matching manifests in a shift of decision criterion ({3) rather than in a change of sensory sensitivity (d'). The criterion shift leads to a suppression ofpostsaccadic stimulus information that is incompatible with presaccadic processed information. Second, the matching effect strongly depends on the structure of the presaccadic display, which suggests that mechanisms of visual attention provide the spatial binding of pre-and postsaccadic stimulus information. Third, transsaccadic matching is phenomenologically tied to the execution of the saccade and effective during a postsaccadic period extending up to 160msec after termination of the eye movement. These findings indicate a form of context-sensitive evaluation process that could subsidize the maintenance of visual stability.When we look at pictures or scan our visual environment, our eyes are almost permanently moving. Fast ballistic eye movements, or saccades, separate brief periods of time (fixations) during which the eyes remain almost stationary. During the saccade, vision is severely impaired. Saccadic suppression (see, e.g., Riggs, Merton, & Morton, 1974;Volkman, Schick, & Riggs, 1968) reduces visual sensitivity and suppresses the perception of the smeared retinal image during the eye movement. Moreover, sensitivity to displacement of targets decreases substantially so that motion and position information becomes severely degraded (Bridgeman, 1983;Bridgeman, Hendry, & Stark, 1975). Acquisition ofvisual information therefore takes place mainly during the fixations, and the sequence of fixational pauses corresponds to a series of discrete retinal images. Even if we assume a stationary head and body, the retinal projections still differ from each other as the mapping of spatiotopic to retinal coordinates depends on the dynamic position of the eye. But despite these differences, the apparent position of objects in the world remains constant and our experience ofthe world is stable and continuous rather than being fragmented into individual glimpses.

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Section: -R------------mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of perceptual context on transsaccadic visual matching

Jüttner

1997

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…the relative frequencies of a correct response averaged across the learning procedure. To visualize the internal class concepts acquired during learning the confusion-error data was analysed in terms of a probabilistic virtual prototype (PVP) model (Rentschler et al, 1994;, 2000. The model is based on the concept of pattern similarity and provides a technique for reconstructing the internal representation of categories that observers develop during learning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subjects were trained to assign the patterns to their predefined categories using a supervisedlearning schedule (Rentschler et al, 1994). The procedure consisted of a variable number of learning units, each of them having two phases, training and recognition test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using this particular type of stimulus offers a number of advantages: First, it permits to study the role of mirror-image relations in categorization at a relatively early level. On the one hand, Gabor patterns have been characterized as an elementary stimulus in visual processing (e.g., Watson, Barlow, & Robson, 1983;Rentschler & Caelli, 1990;Westheimer, 1998) whereas they are, on the other hand, perceptually complex enough to stimulate category learning (Rentschler, Jüttner, & Caelli, 1994;, 2000Jüttner, Langguth & Rentschler, 2004). Second, compound Gabor patches circumvent the problem of prior knowledge, as such stimuli are unfamiliar to naive subjects; hence the acquisition of categories composed of these patterns is completely under experimental control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mirror-image relations in category learning

Jüttner¹,

Rentschler

2007

Visual Cognition

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“…Each experiment was divided into two parts, learning and generalization test. The first part used a supervised-learning schedule (see Rentschler et al, 1994;Jüttner & Rentschler, 13 1996) and consisted of a variable number of learning units. Each learning unit had two phases, training and recognition test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%