Proapoptotic Activity of Propolis and Their Components on Human Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line (CAL-27)

Abstract

Propolis has been used since ancient times in folk medicine. It is a popular medicine possessing a broad spectrum of biological activities. This material is one of the richest sources of polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. The ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) evokes antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and anticancer properties. Due to pharmacological properties it is used in the commercial production of nutritional supplements. In this study, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to quantify main polyphenols in EEPs. The effect of EEPs, individual EEPs components (chrysin, galangin, pinocembrin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid) and their mixture on viability of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line (CAL-27) as well as the molecular mechanisms of the process were examined. The results of MTTs assay demonstrated that EEP, polyphenols and mixture of polyphenolic compounds were cytotoxic for CAL-27 cells in a dose dependent manner. The mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by these components undergoes through apoptosis as detected by flow cytometry. The ethanolic extracts of propolis activated caspases -3, -8, -9. Mixture of polyphenols was found as the most potent inducer of apoptosis thorough both intrinsic and extrinsic pathway. Therefore, we suggest that anticancer properties of propolis is related to synergistic activity of its main components.

Chemical Composition Analysis and In Vitro Investigation of Cytotoxic and Antioxidative Activities of Iranian Propolis against Breast Cancer Cell Line, MCF‐7

“…It was reported that quercetin has the ability to potentiate the efficacy of anticancer drugs . Therefore, Propolis and its individual components have potent cytotoxic effects among several natural products tested . Considering the different environments, flora, and species of honey bees in Iran, can be said that Iranian propolis have different active compounds and beneficial effects.…”

“…[16] Therefore, Propolis and its individual components have potent cytotoxic effects among several natural products tested. [17] Considering the different environments, flora, and species of honey bees in Iran, can be said that Iranian propolis have different active compounds and beneficial effects. The present study aimed to assess the phenolic and flavonoid contents, to determine the antioxidant effects, and to identify the active ingredients in the ethanolic extract of Iranian propolis (EEIP).…”

<p>Knockdown of ROS proto-oncogene 1 inhibits migration and invasion in gastric cancer cells by targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway</p>

“…Apoptosis, which is also called Type 1 programmed cell death, is characterized by shrinkage of cells, DNA fragmentation, nuclear condensation and the formation of apoptotic bodies. 24,25 Flow cytometric analysis showed that knockdown of ROS1 in gastric cancer cells significantly induced cell apoptosis compared with the shCtr group. Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, regulates the initiation and execution of apoptosis.…”

Effects of flavonoids on tongue squamous cell carcinoma

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