Proanthocyanidins: Chemistry and Biology

Ferreira, Daneel; Marais, Jannie P.J.; Coleman, Christina M.; Slade, Desmond

doi:10.1016/b978-008045382-8.00648-1

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 249 publications

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“…Different flavan-3-ol monomers are required as building blocks to polymerize the three types of PAs. Procyanidins, propelargonidins, and prodelphinidins are composed of (epi)catechin, (epi)afzelechin, and (epi)gallocatechin, respectively ( Figure 1 B) [ 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 ]. These monomeric building blocks are converted from the same precursor—naringenin—by consecutive enzymatic activities.…”

Section: Regulatory Mechanisms For the Biosynthesis Of Pas And Anthocyaninsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthetic Pathway of Proanthocyanidins in Major Cash Crops

Lim

2021

Plants

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Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a group of oligomers or polymers composed of monomeric flavanols. They offer many benefits for human fitness, such as antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. To date, three types of PA have been observed in nature: procyanidins, propelargonidins, and prodelphinidins. These are synthesized as some of the end-products of the flavonoid pathway by different consecutive enzymatic activities, from the same precursor—naringenin. Although the general biosynthetic pathways of PAs have been reported in a few model plant species, little is known about the species-specific pathways in major crops containing different types of PA. In the present study, we identified the species-specific pathways in 10 major crops, based on the presence/absence of flavanol-based intermediates in the metabolic pathway, and found 202 orthologous genes in the reference genomic database of each species, which may encode for key enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathways of PAs. Parallel enzymatic reactions in the pathway are responsible for the ratio between PAs and anthocyanins, as well as among the three types of PAs. Our study suggests a promising strategy for molecular breeding, to regulate the content of PAs and anthocyanins and improve the nutritional quality of food sources globally.

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Section: Regulatory Mechanisms For the Biosynthesis Of Pas And Anthocyaninsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthetic Pathway of Proanthocyanidins in Major Cash Crops

Lim

2021

Plants

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“…On the other hand, studies show that this compound has its beneficial side, acting as an antioxidant, inhibiting oxidative reactions mediated by iron, and limiting DNA damage (Midorikawa et al, 2001). Condensed tannins have also been shown to be beneficial to human health, as they may be linked to the presence of procyanidins (Table 3), a large group of polyphenols present in woody plants, and some herbaceous (Ferreira et al, 2010). Zhang et al (2011) observed an anti-diabetic effect of grape seeds or peel procyanidins by inhibiting α-glucosidase activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provenient residues from industrial processing of açaí berries (Euterpe precatoria Mart): nutritional and antinutritional contents, phenolic profile, and pigments

et al. 2022

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Materials and methods Materials and reagentsWhole fruits from Euterpe precatória and dreg and seed (residues from processing) were donated by the FastAçai ® Brazilian company. The whole fruits were analyzed for morphology, such as mass, transversal diameter, and length. The peel+pulp (PP) was obtained by manual pulping without the use of maceration to preserve nutrients and bioactive compounds. The dreg (FD) and the fresh seed (FSE) were divided into three lots: one lot for analysis of soluble solids, pH, acidity, and color; the second

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“…Abundant contemporary research shows that plant materials rich in oligo- and polymeric proanthocyanidins [PACs, syn. condensed tannins (CTs)] have important roles in food and human nutrition as well as being associated with health benefits when used as dietary supplements. , A plethora of reports support this by describing biological activities of PAC-rich extracts and crude natural product mixtures for a host of end points. PACs are oligomeric (defined here as containing 2–9 flavan-3-ol subunits) to polymeric flavan-3-ols that produce anthocyanidins (anthocyanin aglycones) by acid-catalyzed cleavage of the C–C interflavanyl [syn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…An indication of the substance of this structural diversity trend can be gleaned from our prior reviews: approximately 500 PACs have been reported from 1992 to 2001, − with an additional ca. 240 between 2002 and 2010 . While fewer reports of new PAC entities have been communicated during the past decade, the ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proanthocyanidin Block Arrays (PACBAR) for Comprehensive Capture and Delineation of Proanthocyanidin Structures

Jing

Zeller

Ferreira

et al. 2020

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are near-ubiquitous and chemically complex metabolites, prototypical of higher plants. Their roles in food/feed/nutrition and ethnomedicine are widely recognized but poorly understood. With the analysis of evidence that underlies this challenge, this perspective identifies shortcomings in capturing and delineating PAC structures as key factors. While several groups have forwarded new representations, a consensus method that captures PAC structures concisely and offers high integrity for electronic storage is required to reduce confusion in this expansive field. The PAC block arrays (PACBAR) system fills this gap by providing precise and human-and machine-readable structural descriptors that capture PAC metabolomic structural diversity. PACBAR enables communication of PAC structures for the development of precise structure−activity relationships and will assist in advancing PAC research to the next level.

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Proanthocyanidins: Chemistry and Biology

Cited by 11 publications

References 249 publications

Biosynthetic Pathway of Proanthocyanidins in Major Cash Crops

Biosynthetic Pathway of Proanthocyanidins in Major Cash Crops

Provenient residues from industrial processing of açaí berries (Euterpe precatoria Mart): nutritional and antinutritional contents, phenolic profile, and pigments

Proanthocyanidin Block Arrays (PACBAR) for Comprehensive Capture and Delineation of Proanthocyanidin Structures

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