Proanthocyanidin Block Arrays (PACBAR) for Comprehensive Capture and Delineation of Proanthocyanidin Structures

Abstract

Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are near-ubiquitous and chemically complex metabolites, prototypical of higher plants. Their roles in food/feed/nutrition and ethnomedicine are widely recognized but poorly understood. With the analysis of evidence that underlies this challenge, this perspective identifies shortcomings in capturing and delineating PAC structures as key factors. While several groups have forwarded new representations, a consensus method that captures PAC structures concisely and offers high integrity for electronic storage is required to reduce confusion in this expansive field. The PAC block arrays (PACBAR) system fills this gap by providing precise and human-and machine-readable structural descriptors that capture PAC metabolomic structural diversity. PACBAR enables communication of PAC structures for the development of precise structure−activity relationships and will assist in advancing PAC research to the next level.

Targeting Trimeric and Tetrameric Proanthocyanidins of Cinnamomum verum Bark as Bioactives for Dental Therapies

“…Structures of the proanthocyanidins (PACs), 1 – 3 , isolated from C. verum bark, in comparison with their core A-type dimer, proanthocyanidin A2. In addition to the classical chemical formulas, the graphical PAC block array representations (PACBAR; bottom) along with the text-based micro and macro PACBAR codes …”

Proanthocyanidins with Corrosion Inhibition Activity for AISI 1020 Carbon Steel under Neutral pH Conditions of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Husk Fibers

“…They can be divided into several classes based on hydroxylation patterns in A-and B-rings of the constitutive units, the stereochemistry of the chiral C3 carbon on the C ring, the inteflavan linkage between them, and the DP. 28 PAs are frequently linked via Btype bonds (a C4 → C8 or C4 → C6 linkages). An additional C2 → O7 or C2 → O5 linkage produces doubly bonded A-type PAs.…”

“…The impedance of alternating current was obtained at the OCP in a frequency range of 0.01–10000 Hz with 10 mV of amplitude. The data obtained were illustrated by the Nyquist plot. ,, …”

B-type Proanthocyanidins with Dentin Biomodification Activity from Cocoa (Theobroma cacao)

“…Our dental natural products research has identified a series of plant-derived PACs as potential dentin biomodifiers. Promising agents include PACs isolated from pine (Pinus massoniana) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) barks, ranging from dimers to hexamers featuring mixed A- and B-type IFLs, as well as B-type dimers and trimers from grape seed extract (GSE), all with potent activities in enhancing the mechanical properties of dentin. − The recent implementation of graphical structural descriptors, termed PAC Block ARrays (PACBAR), has facilitated these interdisciplinary studies, particularly with regard to the exploration of structure–activity relationships (SARs) of PACs with complex A- and B-type linkage patterns and their impact on dentin biomodification activities …”