Proactive inhibitory control of movement assessed by event-related fMRI

Jaffard, Magali; Longcamp, Marieke; Velay, Jean‐Luc; Anton, Jean-Luc; Roth, Muriel; Nazarian, Bruno; Broussolle, Emmanuel

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.05.041

Cited by 166 publications

(200 citation statements)

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“…Such cue-related response inhibition probably involves multiple executive and motor mechanisms (Duque et al 2010;Stinear et al 2009;Van Der Lubbe et al 2005). Importantly, this inhibitory control relies not only on postcue responsive mechanisms but also on precue proactive mechanisms that depend on the subject's expectations of the trial structure (Jaffard et al 2007Boulinguez et al 2008Boulinguez et al , 2009Boy et al 2010;Chen et al 2010). A major consequence of this is that these proactive mechanisms influence the neutral cue condition, whenever one is set up to measure attentional effects, leading to possible misinterpretations of classical behavioral outcomes ( Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A major consequence of this is that these proactive mechanisms influence the neutral cue condition, whenever one is set up to measure attentional effects, leading to possible misinterpretations of classical behavioral outcomes ( Fig. 1) (Jaffard et al 2007). The extent to which disregarding the proactive inhibitory control of response affects our current interpretation of orienting effects in spatial cueing paradigms remains unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Attention to baseline: does orienting visuospatial attention really facilitate target detection?

Albares

Criaud

Wardak

et al. 2011

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Albares M, Criaud M, Wardak C, Nguyen SC, Ben Hamed S, Boulinguez P. Attention to baseline: does orienting visuospatial attention really facilitate target detection? J Neurophysiol 106: 809-816, 2011. First published May 25, 2011 doi:10.1152/jn.00206.2011.-Standard protocols testing the orientation of visuospatial attention usually present spatial cues before targets and compare valid-cue trials with invalid-cue trials. The valid/invalid contrast results in a relative behavioral or physiological difference that is generally interpreted as a benefit of attention orientation. However, growing evidence suggests that inhibitory control of response is closely involved in this kind of protocol that requires the subjects to withhold automatic responses to cues, probably biasing behavioral and physiological baselines. Here, we used two experiments to disentangle the inhibitory control of automatic responses from orienting of visuospatial attention in a saccadic reaction time task in humans, a variant of the classical cue-target detection task and a sustained visuospatial attentional task. Surprisingly, when referring to a simple target detection task in which there is no need to refrain from reacting to avoid inappropriate responses, we found no consistent evidence of facilitation of target detection at the attended location. Instead, we observed a cost at the unattended location. Departing from the classical view, our results suggest that reaction time measures of visuospatial attention probably relie on the attenuation of elementary processes involved in visual target detection and saccade initiation away from the attended location rather than on facilitation at the attended location. This highlights the need to use proper control conditions in experimental designs to disambiguate relative from absolute cueing benefits on target detection reaction times, both in psychophysical and neurophysiological studies. saccades; electrooculography; inhibition; human ONE ATTRIBUTE of the selective attention system is its capacity to select a part of the environment over which an impending signal is to occur. Orienting visuospatial attention is known to facilitate information processing of stimuli at attended locations. A consistent behavioral outcome of this effect is a reduction of response latency [reaction time (RT)] to salient stimuli presented at the attended location

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Attention to baseline: does orienting visuospatial attention really facilitate target detection?

Albares

Criaud

Wardak

et al. 2011

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…The role of pre‐SMA in proactive motor preparation was repeatedly emphasized in research on animals (Fujii, Mushiake, & Tanji, 2002; Halsband, Matsuzaka, & Tanji, 1994) and humans (Chen et al., 2010; Jaffard et al., 2008; Stuphorn & Emeric, 2012; Wardak, 2011). It was especially shown to be causally relevant to the organization of action sequences (Kennerley, Sakai, & Rushworth, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Aron (2011), proactive elements of motor behavior are very prominent in everyday life, even suggesting that the dynamic interaction of proactive and reactive processes underpins almost all real‐life motor actions. Not focusing on the neural correlates of proactive and reactive processes compromises the “ecological validity” of findings (Aron, 2011; Chen, Scangos, & Stuphorn, 2010; Jaffard et al., 2008; Verbruggen, Adams, & Chambers, 2012). Yet, to study such mechanisms in the brain, one requires a robust behavioral paradigm that reliably triggers proactive processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is not straightforward given the complexity of influences on motor behavior: For example, proactive inhibitory control varies with context, depending on exogenous and endogenous cues, expectations, and implicit temporal structures in the surroundings (Wardak, Ramanoël, Guipponi, Boulinguez, & Ben Hamed, 2012). While neuroscientific research on proactive control is still in its infancy, a growing number of studies explores the role of various brain regions, such as pre‐supplementary motor area (pre‐SMA), in proactive motor control (Chen et al., 2010; Jaffard et al., 2008; Stuphorn & Emeric, 2012; Wardak, 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Foresight beats hindsight: The neural correlates underlying motor preparation in the pro‐/anti‐cue paradigm

et al. 2017

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BackgroundHuman motor behaviors are characterized by both, reactive and proactive mechanisms. Yet, studies investigating the neural correlates of motor behavior almost exclusively focused on reactive motor processes. Here, we employed the pro‐/anti‐cue motor preparation paradigm to systematically study proactive motor control in an imaging environment. In this paradigm, either pro‐ or anti‐cues are presented in a blocked design. Four fingers (two from each hand) are mapped onto four visual target locations. Visual targets require a speeded response by one corresponding finger, but, most importantly, they are preceded by visual cues that are congruent (“pro‐cue”), incongruent (“anti‐cue”), or neutral with respect to the responding hand. With short cue‐target intervals, congruence effects are based on automatic motor priming of the correct hand (in case of pro‐cues) or incorrect hand (in case of anti‐cues), generating, respectively, reaction time benefits or reaction time costs relative to the neutral‐cue. With longer cue‐target intervals, slower top‐down processes become effective, transforming early anti‐cue interference into late anti‐cue facilitation.MethodsWe adapted this paradigm to be compatible with neuroimaging, tested and validated it behaviorally—both inside and outside the imaging environment—and implemented it in a whole‐brain functional magnetic resonance imaging study.Results and ConclusionOur imaging results indicate that pro‐cues elicited much less neural activation than did anti‐cues, the latter recruiting well‐known cognitive top‐down networks related to attention, response inhibition, and error monitoring/signaling, thereby revealing high‐level influences on proactive motor processes.

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