Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides and the regulation of energy homeostasis

Abstract

To cite this version:Anthony P. Coll, Y.C. Loraine Tung. Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides and the regulation of energy homeostasis.

A novel missense mutation in the signal peptide of the human POMC gene: a possible additional link between early-onset type 2 diabetes and obesity

“…4,[7][8][9] Furthermore, POMC-null mice are hypersensitive to the effects of restoring normal glucocorticoid levels. 4,6,20 The hypothalamic control of energy balance could also be impaired by haploinsufficiency, as suggested by the overweight or obese phenotype of heterozygous carriers of POMC mutations. 8,9 The majority of these mutations affect either the structure or function of a-and b-melanocyte-secreting hormone (MSH) or the cleavage from their precursor.…”

“…4 Both heterozygous and homozygous mice develop obesity that is gene-dose dependent, and are severely hyperphagic and insulin resistant. [4][5][6] The first human POMC-null mutation was detected in two children congenitally lacking POMC gene products. 7 Differently from mice, humans carrying POMC-null mutations do not survive without glucocorticoid supplementation from birth.…”

In vivo alternative assessment of the chemicals that interfere with anterior pituitary POMC expression and interrenal steroidogenesis in POMC: EGFP transgenic zebrafish

“…For instance, the processing of POMC in anterior pituitary corticotrophs results in the generation of pro-γ-MSH, ACTH, and β-LPH (Bicknell, 2008). These POMC-derived hormones regulate many physiological processes including steroidogenesis, skin pigmentation, food intake, and energy balance (Coll et al, 2004(Coll et al, , 2005Coll and Tung, 2009). ACTH is the most important pituitary-derived peptide-controlling steroidogenesis in the adult adrenal gland (Hinson and Raven, 2006;Coll and Tung, 2009).…”

“…These POMC-derived hormones regulate many physiological processes including steroidogenesis, skin pigmentation, food intake, and energy balance (Coll et al, 2004(Coll et al, , 2005Coll and Tung, 2009). ACTH is the most important pituitary-derived peptide-controlling steroidogenesis in the adult adrenal gland (Hinson and Raven, 2006;Coll and Tung, 2009). ACTH is released into the blood to stimulate the adrenal cortex to produce and secrete glucocorticoids, whereas glucocorticoids produce negative feedback inhibition at the level of both the pituitary and hypothalamus to reduce ACTH output ( Fig.…”

Effects of early-life environment and epigenetics on cardiovascular disease risk in children: highlighting the role of twin studies

“…In adults, altered DNA methylation at genes including those encoding insulin (INS) and GNAS antisense RNA 1 (GNASAS) is associated with risk of myocardial infarction, although there was no investigation of the effect of altered DNA methylation on gene expression (63). It was also shown recently that childhood obesity is associated with hypermethylation of the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene involved in energy homeostasis and in which genetic polymorphisms are associated with early-onset obesity and adrenal insufficiency (65). Further clues to the mechanisms of type 2 diabetes have come from recent studies showing that transient hypoglycemia can result in a permanent epigenetic change, with altered histone modification associated with changes in gene expression (reviewed by Tonna et al,ref.…”