Effects of early-life environment and epigenetics on cardiovascular disease risk in children: highlighting the role of twin studies

Sun, Cong; Burgner, David; Ponsonby, Anne–Louise; Saffery, Richard; Huang, Rae‐Chi; Vuillermin, Peter; Cheung, Michael; Craig, Jeffrey M

doi:10.1038/pr.2013.6

Cited by 64 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Dysregulation of epigenetic states plays a major role in disease, including CVD. 96,124 Although our awareness of this role is expanding rapidly as we learn more about the nature of the endogenous epigenetic regulatory machinery and the ways in which it can be perturbed, much remains to be elucidated. Importantly, the reversible nature of epigenetic mechanisms provides a unique opportunity for the development of treatment measures targeting the perturbed marks or pathways.…”

Section: Epigeneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal models make up the majority of the body of work demonstrating these changes, but some human studies also support these findings. 124 Little is known about the potential for repeated insult and how that would affect heritable outcomes, and even less is understood about the contributions of effects that are transmitted paternally. It remains difficult to determine causality among nutrition, epigenetic changes, and disease in human studies, given the presence of multiple confounding factors.…”

Section: Timing Of Epigenetic Perturbation: Developmental Postnatalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrigenomics, the Microbiome, and Gene-Environment Interactions: New Directions in Cardiovascular Disease Research, Prevention, and Treatment

Ferguson¹,

Allayee²,

Gerszten³

et al. 2016

Circ Cardiovasc Genet

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Abstract-Cardiometabolic diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and are strongly linked to both genetic and nutritional factors. The field of nutrigenomics encompasses multiple approaches aimed at understanding the effects of diet on health or disease development, including nutrigenetic studies investigating the relationship between genetic variants and diet in modulating cardiometabolic risk, as well as the effects of dietary components on multiple "omic" measures, including transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, lipidomics, epigenetic modifications, and the microbiome. Here, we describe the current state of the field of nutrigenomics with respect to cardiometabolic disease research and outline a direction for the integration of multiple omics techniques in future nutrigenomic studies aimed at understanding mechanisms and developing new therapeutic options for cardiometabolic disease treatment and prevention. The interpretation and scope of nutrigenomics may vary, but it can be thought to encompass the spectrum of nutritional genomics research, including classic nutrigenetics studies of gene-diet interactions and molecular nutrition, in vitro and in vivo models, human nutrition studies, and the application of largescale, unbiased studies using high-throughput "omics" techniques to study the effects of nutrients on the body. 6 As the Figure shows, diet and the genome may influence cardiometabolic health through a variety of interconnected intermediates, perturbations in which can be measured through omics technologies, including RNA expression (transcriptome), epigenetic modifications (epigenome), metabolites (metabolome), lipids (lipidome), proteins (proteome), and resident microbial communities (microbiome). Although it is clear that both nutrients and genes play a distinct role in determining health, the complex interactions among genes, diet, and downstream networks are not well understood. The application of nutrigenomics approaches to questions of human health and disease is an important component in understanding the complexities of the interplay between basic metabolic processes and externalThe American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of an outside relationship or a personal, professional, or business interest of a member of the writing panel. Specifically, all members of the writing group are required to complete and submit a Disclosure Questionnaire showing all such relationships that might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest.This statement was approved by the American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee on January 22, 2016, and the American Heart Association Executive Committee on February 23, 2016. A copy of the document is available at http://professional.heart.org/statements by using either "Search for Guidelines & Statements" or the "Browse by Topic" area. To purchase additional reprints, call 843-216-2533 or e-mail kelle.ramsay@ wolterskluwer.com.The...

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Section: Epigeneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Timing Of Epigenetic Perturbation: Developmental Postnatalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrigenomics, the Microbiome, and Gene-Environment Interactions: New Directions in Cardiovascular Disease Research, Prevention, and Treatment

Ferguson¹,

Allayee²,

Gerszten³

et al. 2016

Circ Cardiovasc Genet

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“…However, for most of the diseases, identical MZ twins show a concordance rate that varies between 5% and 75%, that is a frequency at least 2 to 5 times higher than in fraternal twins. Examples include, neurological (21) and mental disorders (22), autoimmune diseases (20), childhood leukemias (24), cardiovascular diseases (25), cancer (26), and even age-related macular degenerations (27).…”

Section: The Discordant Mz Twin Model and Epigeneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Basis of Twin Discordance in Diseases: Future Benefits

Demir

2018

Gynecol Obstet Reprod Med

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Monozygotic twins share the same genotype since they are derived from the same zygote. However, monozygotic twin siblings frequently present many phenotypic differences, such as their susceptibilities to diseases. These isogenic individuals are not entirely identical. They exhibit phenotypic incompatibility for many features, from birth weight to complex diseases. Recently, several studies have been published showing that phenotypic differences, especially in monozygotic twins, are being induced from prenatal period to life-long epigenetic differences. Epigenetic studies on twins have a great potential to contribute to our understanding of complex diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, psychiatric disorders and neurological diseases. Since monozygotic twins are genetic clones (genetically identical), they are considered as perfect models for studying the role of environmental factors as determinants of complex diseases and phenotypes. In this review, a number of intrauterine effects and genetic mechanisms that may affect phenotypic, genotypic, and epigenetic differences between monozygotic twins were described and effects of epigenetic mechanisms on complex diseases were mentioned. Further work on epigenetic changes in diseases using incompatible monozygotic twin models, would lead to new developments in medical therapies.

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“…The effect was greater if both parents smoked, and was independent of personal smoking in adulthood and uniform across categories of age, sex and cohort. Interest is increasing in the early-life origins of CVD, with an adverse intrauterine environment and fetal growth restriction becoming recognised as increasing the risk of atherosclerosis [109]. A number of early-life biomarkers of future CVD risk are emerging, including indicators of: increased vascular stiffness (carotid and aortic intima-media thickness, arterial distensibility and pulse wave velocity); endothelial dysfunction (flow-mediated vasodilatation, serum intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecular 1); and of systemic inflammation (highly sensitive C-reactive protein), as well as indicators of dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of early-life biomarkers of future CVD risk are emerging, including indicators of: increased vascular stiffness (carotid and aortic intima-media thickness, arterial distensibility and pulse wave velocity); endothelial dysfunction (flow-mediated vasodilatation, serum intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecular 1); and of systemic inflammation (highly sensitive C-reactive protein), as well as indicators of dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. Longitudinal birth cohorts are currently studying the influence of early-life environmental exposures on long-term cardiovascular health using such early-life biomarkers of the effects of exposure, with a major concentration of presumed epigenetic mechanisms [109]. We await the results of such studies with interest.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Early-life risk factors for chronic nonrespiratory diseases

et al. 2014

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We have witnessed a change in disease patterns contributing to the global burden of disease, with a shift from early childhood deaths due to the classic infectious communicable diseases to years lived with disability from chronic noncommunicable diseases. In both developing and developed countries, the years lived with disability attributable to chronic disease have increased: cardiovascular diseases by 17.7%; chronic respiratory disease by 8.5%; neurological conditions by 12.2%; diabetes by 30.0%; and mental and behavioural disorders by 5.0% over the past 20 years. Recognition of the contribution made by adverse environmental exposures in early life to noncommunicable diseases in later life is increasing. These earlylife exposures appear to contribute to both chronic respiratory and chronic nonrespiratory diseases. In this State of the Art article, we aim to examine early-life environmental exposures that have an epidemiological association with chronic nonrespiratory diseases, such as obesity and type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurocognitive and behavioural problems. We will highlight the potential overlap in environmental risks with respiratory diseases, and point out knowledge gaps and research opportunities. @ERSpublications Respiratory diseases are linked to obesity/diabetes/metabolic syndrome, CVD and neurocognitive/behavioural disorders

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Effects of early-life environment and epigenetics on cardiovascular disease risk in children: highlighting the role of twin studies

Cited by 64 publications

References 91 publications

Nutrigenomics, the Microbiome, and Gene-Environment Interactions: New Directions in Cardiovascular Disease Research, Prevention, and Treatment

Nutrigenomics, the Microbiome, and Gene-Environment Interactions: New Directions in Cardiovascular Disease Research, Prevention, and Treatment

Epigenetic Basis of Twin Discordance in Diseases: Future Benefits

Early-life risk factors for chronic nonrespiratory diseases

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