Pro‐Inflammatory versus Anti‐Inflammatory cytokines in atopic dermatitis patients: A case control study

Kiwan, Azza Hamada; Mohamed, Hassan Abou Khodair; Hashim, Osama; Abd-Elraheem, Sabah; Alkhrsawy, Amr M. Abdelhady

doi:10.1111/jocd.15182

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, we found a negative correlation between IL-35 expression in lesional and nonlesional skin and AD severity. Similar to our results, Kiwan et al observed a negative correlation between IL-35 serum level and the severity of the disease assessed by the SCORAD scale [ 14 ]. Moreover, the expression of IL-35 may be a potentially useful clinical biomarker reflecting the severity of AD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Altered Gene Expression of IL-35 and IL-36α in the Skin of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis

Zysk,

Sitko,

Tukaj

et al. 2023

IJMS

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A comprehensive understanding of atopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenesis is desired, especially in the current era of novel biologics and small molecule drugs. In recent years, new cytokines have emerged that may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AD. Using the tape stripping (TS) method, this study analyzed the gene expression of IL-35 and IL-36α in lesional and nonlesional AD skin compared with healthy skin and their association with the clinical features of AD among the Polish population. Ten AD patients and seven healthy individuals were enrolled. The lesional skin of the AD patients showed significantly higher expression levels of IL-35 compared to healthy skin (p = 0.0001). The expression level of IL-36α was significantly higher in lesional AD skin than in nonlesional AD skin (p = 0.0039) and healthy skin (p = 0.0045). There was a significant negative correlation between AD severity and the expression level of IL-35 in both lesional (R = −0.66, p = 0.048) and nonlesional skin (R = −0.9, p = 0.0016). In summary, both IL-35 and IL-36α appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. Furthermore, it might be speculated that IL-35 and IL-36α may be potential candidates for disease biomarkers. However, further studies are needed to verify these assumptions and comprehensively elucidate their importance in the pathogenesis of AD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The results of these studies are conflicting. The first study involving AD infants showed increased serum levels of IL-35 in them [ 13 ], while the other study showed decreased serum levels of IL-35 in AD individuals compared to healthy [ 14 ]. Thus, the role of IL-35 in the pathogenesis of AD remains enigmatic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Gene Expression of IL-35 and IL-36α in the Skin of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis

Zysk,

Sitko,

Tukaj

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Comparing serum IL-17 levels between AD and controls has demonstrated trending elevation in AD relative to controls [10], with other studies finding significant IL-17 elevations and in AD sera [11,12], and some also finding significant correlation with disease severity [13][14][15]. AD skin samples have also been found to have relatively higher IL-17 expression [12,16].…”

Section: Il-17 and Atopic Dermatitis: The Plot Thickensmentioning

confidence: 76%

The pathogenetic role of Th17 immune response in atopic dermatitis

David,

Czarnowicki

2023

Current Opinion in Allergy &Amp; Clinical Immunology

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Purpose of review As we continue to unravel the pathophysiology and immune mechanisms underlying atopic dermatitis (AD), the emergence of targeted treatments has provided new options for management. Although there are available therapies targeting various immune pathways in AD, the precise pathogenic role of interleukin (IL)-17 in AD pathogenesis remains unclear. The objective of this review is to examine the existing data pertaining to the role of IL-17 in AD and shed light on the potential of targeting this pathway as a therapeutic approach in AD treatment. Recent findings IL-17 has a dual role of pro-inflammatory and immune protective function, making it an important player in several autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. The extent of IL-17 axis involvement in AD pathogenesis is still debatable. Emerging data show that Th17-related cytokines/chemokines are elevated in skin and sera samples of AD patients, with some articles reporting correlations with disease severity. Particularly increased Th17 signature in specific AD patient subsets, such as Asian-origin or pediatric patients, suggests that certain patients’ disease presentations are more predominantly influenced by Th17, and, thus, they may benefit more from Th17 therapeutic targeting approaches. Lack of clinical efficacy with anti-Th17 biologics in AD patients, underscores the need to better elucidate the role of Th17 in AD pathogenesis, along with its utility in therapy. Summary The well established role of IL-17 in autoimmune disorders hints for its possible participation in AD disease pathogenesis. Subsequent investigations are needed to assess whether the targeting of specific IL-17 isoforms, homodimers, or heterodimers in specific subpopulations of AD can modify treatment outcomes.

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“…Dysregulated levels of IL-35 are observed in many diseases including asthma, allergic rhinitis, CSU, IBD, psoriasis, cancers, viral diseases, and connective tissue diseases as well as AD; research data suggest that IL-35 may play different roles in different diseases [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. For some diseases, the results of IL-35 concentrations obtained in different studies appear to be contradictory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this proposal has limitations. To date, only a few human studies have been carried out on the serum levels of IL-35 in AD [ 30 , 36 ]. Nevertheless, the results from these studies seem inconsistent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Insight into the Role of IL-35 and Its Potential Involvement in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Atopic Dermatitis

Zysk

Gleń

Trzeciak

2022

IJMS

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Interleukin 35 (IL-35), a new member of the IL-12 family of heterodimeric cytokines, could induce two different types of regulatory cells including regulatory T and B cells such as IL-35-induced regulatory T cells and IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (IL-10+Bregs), and IL-35-producing regulatory B cells (IL-35+Bregs). These cells appear to play an important role in modulating the immune system in numerous diseases. Several findings suggested that the expression of IL-35 is dysregulated in many autoimmune, inflammatory, and allergic diseases. Due to the functions of IL-35, it seems that this cytokine may act as an efficient therapeutic strategy for numerous conditions including atopic dermatitis (AD). We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of IL-35 in modulating the immune system. Additionally, we highlight IL-35 as a specific immunological target, discuss its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of AD, and hypothesize that IL-35 may become a novel target for the treatment of AD. However, further studies are required to evaluate this hypothesis.

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Pro‐Inflammatory versus Anti‐Inflammatory cytokines in atopic dermatitis patients: A case control study

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Altered Gene Expression of IL-35 and IL-36α in the Skin of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis

Altered Gene Expression of IL-35 and IL-36α in the Skin of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis

The pathogenetic role of Th17 immune response in atopic dermatitis

Current Insight into the Role of IL-35 and Its Potential Involvement in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Atopic Dermatitis

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