Privatization in American Religion and Society

Hart, Stephen M.

doi:10.2307/3710942

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Does not apply and those with no religion are coded as having many doubts. Support for proselytization contrasts those who say it is “okay for religious people to try to convert other people to their faith” with those who believe “everyone [should] leave everyone else alone.” Last, opposition to religious subjectivism (Hart ) is based on disagreement with the following statement: “Some people think that it is okay to pick and choose their religious beliefs without having to accept the teachings of their religious faith as a whole. Do you agree or disagree that this is okay?”…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Higher Education Cause Religious Decline?: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Within- and Between-Person Effects of Higher Education on Religiosity

Schwadel

2016

The Sociological Quarterly

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Although there is ample empirical evidence of the associations between higher education and various aspects of religiosity, the causal mechanisms producing these associations remain unclear. I use four waves of longitudinal data, with respondents ranging in age from 13 to 29, to model the within‐ and between‐person effects of higher education on several measures of religiosity. The results show that earning a bachelor's degree is associated with within‐person declines in some but not all measured aspects of religiosity, which partially supports the argument that higher education causes religious decline. The results also suggest that those predisposed to attending religious services self‐select into higher education, that relatively religious youth in general self‐select into nonelite colleges, and that those with low levels of religious belief self‐select into elite universities. These findings further understanding of the associations between social class and religion, particularly the causal effects of higher education.

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confidence: 99%

Does Higher Education Cause Religious Decline?: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Within- and Between-Person Effects of Higher Education on Religiosity

Schwadel

2016

The Sociological Quarterly

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“…The religious individualization thesis maintains that traditional and institutionalized forms of religiosity have increasingly been replaced by more subjective and individually oriented forms (Luckmann 1963). With increasing functional differentiation and the emancipation of secular spheres, religion, it is argued, has retreated to the private realm and changed from a broad external set of rules governing social life into a more private set of moral principles and guidelines for those who believe (Hart 1987;Casanova 1994). While individualization is sometimes proposed as an alternative to the secularization thesis, where the level of religiosity remains but is channeled into more individualist social forms (Luckmann 1963;Davie 1994), other scholars argue that individualization is only one sub-component of the overall secularization process (Pollack and Pickel 2007).…”

Section: Theoretical Perspectives On Immigration and Secularizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decline, Revival, Change? Religious Adaptations among Muslim and Non-Muslim Immigrant Origin Youth in Norway

Friberg¹,

Sterri

2021

International Migration Review

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This article explores religious adaptation among immigrant-origin youth in Norway, using the first wave of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study in Norway (CILS-NOR). To capture different dimensions of religious change, we distinguish between 1) level of religiosity, measured by religious salience and religious practices, and 2) social forms of religious belief, measured as the level of rule orientation and theological exclusivism. We compare immigrant-origin youth in Norway with young people in their parents’ origin countries, using the World Value Survey. We then compare immigrant-origin youth who were born in Norway to those who were born abroad and according to their parents’ length of residence in Norway. As expected, immigrant-origin youth from outside Western Europe—and those originating in Muslim countries in particular—were more religious than native and western-origin youth and more rule oriented and exclusivist in their religious beliefs. However, our results suggest that a process of both religious decline and religious individualization is underway among immigrant origin youth in Norway, although this process appears to unfold slower for Muslims than for non-Muslims. The level and social forms of religiosity among immigrant-origin youth are partially linked to their integration in other fields, particularly inter-ethnic friendships. We argue that comparative studies on how national contexts of reception shape religious adaptations, as well as studies aiming to disentangle the complex relationship between religious adaptation and integration in other fields, are needed.

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“…Socio-cultural changes can also lead to privatization of religion. Privatization is a term that can be understood as: religion without the churches; churches as voluntary organizations; individual theological responsibility; religious subjectivism; separation of religion from public concerns; the religious marketplace [ 3 ]. As such, religion does not disappear, as it does in the secularization paradigm, but it becomes a matter of preference and choice, while losing overall normative power [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in intensification of religious involvement during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland

2022

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Introduction The emergence of the virus Sars-CoV-2, and subsequent COVID-19 pandemic, caused a global threat to public health. In such challenging and worrying situations it can be expected that people will seek comfort in religion. However, before the pandemic there were never such wide world disruptions of religious practice–because of social distancing regulations, religiosity cannot be practiced in the same way as it was before the pandemic. Methods Two anonymous online surveys were conducted of adult Poles, one during the second wave (N = 1072; November 2020) and one during the third wave of the pandemic (N = 1080; April 2021). The survey samples of participants reflected the Polish population structure in terms of age, sex, size of place of residence, education, and province. Results Participation in institutional religious practices fell threefold to 11.9% during the pandemic, as compared to pre-pandemic times (31.2%). The number of people who did not go to church at all increased from 23.1% to 57.0%. Between the second and third waves, there was a small return to regular practice (from 10.1% to 14.1%). Based on the subjective assessment of the amount of time devoted to prayer, fewer people reporting an increase (10.6%) than a decrease (20.1%) in religious commitment during the pandemic. Logistic regressions showed that an increase in religious commitment can be predicted by older age, more frequent participation in religious practices before the pandemic, and higher life satisfaction. A decrease in religious commitment can be predicted by younger age, less frequent participation in religious practices before the pandemic, and greater number of children in the household. Conclusion Our research indicates a deintensification of religious practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. The pandemic has accelerated process of polarization of Polish religiosity.

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Privatization in American Religion and Society

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Does Higher Education Cause Religious Decline?: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Within- and Between-Person Effects of Higher Education on Religiosity

Does Higher Education Cause Religious Decline?: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Within- and Between-Person Effects of Higher Education on Religiosity

Decline, Revival, Change? Religious Adaptations among Muslim and Non-Muslim Immigrant Origin Youth in Norway

Changes in intensification of religious involvement during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland

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