Private International Law

Abstract

In contemporary practice, the field of private international law sweeps far beyond the traditional categories of jurisdiction, choice of law, and enforcement of judgments. Today, efforts are underway in several international fora to modernize and harmonize laws which affect individuals and entities in the fields of commercial, financial and family law, transnational litigation, and related areas. This report summarizes a number of recent developments in four of those venues: the Hague Conference on Private International Law (Hague Conference), the UN Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT), and the Organization of American States (OAS). For some topics, more detailed descriptions can be found in other committee reports in this volume.

An appetizer to modern developments on the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang universality class

“…Strikingly, the Airy correlation functions g i (ζ) are known to decay in qualitatively different manners: while the spatial correlation of the circular subclass decays by a power law, g 2 (ζ) ∼ ζ −2 [101,102], that of the flat subclass decays superexponentially, specifically, g 1 (ζ) ∼ e −c 1 |ζ| 3 with constant c 1 [101,103]. This is in contrast to the fact that the GUE and GOE Tracy-Widom distributions are only quantitatively different (see Fig.…”

“…6). For the stationary subclass, too, the two-point function defined analogously decays superexponentially, g 0 (ζ) ∼ e −c 0 |ζ| 3 with a coefficient c 0 different from c 1 [99,103]. In contrast to spatial correlations, correlation properties in time have remained an analytically challenging problem, but a few results started to emerge very recently [71,[104][105][106][107].…”

Calorimetry

“…The energetic component is dominated by pions, whereas the soft spectra are composed of photons and neutrons. The ordinate is in 'lethargic' units and represents the particle track length, differential in log E. The integral of each curve gives the relative fluence of the particle[32]. On the right, same figure for 100 GeV electrons in lead, showing the much simpler structure, dominated by electrons and photons (hadrons are down by more than a factor 100)…”