Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme for Connected Electric Vehicles Using Blockchain and Zero Knowledge Proofs

Gabay, David; Akkaya, Kemal; Cebe, Mumin

doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.2977361

Cited by 99 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Moreover, based on PoS, the DPoS mechanism solves the high-energy consumption problem of POW and avoids the "trust-balance" bias possible under PoS, but is not decentralized enough. In addition, the zero-knowledge proof algorithm [18,19] simplifies the PoW and also increases the difficulty of attacks, which further enhances the privacy and security of consensus strings.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Classified Ledger Framework for Data Flow Protection in AIoT Networks

Dong-Hoon

et al. 2021

Security and Communication Networks

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The edge computing node plays an important role in the evolution of the artificial intelligence-empowered Internet of things (AIoTs) that converge sensing, communication, and computing to enhance wireless ubiquitous connectivity, data acquisition, and analysis capabilities. With full connectivity, the issue of data security in the new cloud-edge-terminal network hierarchy of AIoTs comes to the fore, for which blockchain technology is considered as a potential solution. Nevertheless, existing schemes cannot be applied to the resource-constrained and heterogeneous IoTs. In this paper, we consider the blockchain design for the AIoTs and propose a novel classified ledger framework based on lightweight blockchain (CLF-LB) that separates and stores data rights at the source and enables a thorough data flow protection in the open and heterogeneous network environment of AIoT. In particular, CLF-LB divides the network into five functional layers for optimal adaptation to AIoTs applications, wherein an intelligent collaboration mechanism is also proposed to enhance the across-layer operation. Unlike traditional full-function blockchain models, our framework includes novel technical modules, such as block regenesis, iterative reinforcement of proof-of-work, and efficient chain uploading via the system-on-chip system, which are carefully designed to fit the cloud-edge-terminal hierarchy in AIoTs networks. Comprehensive experimental results are provided to validate the advantages of the proposed CLF-LB, showing its potentials to address the secrecy issues of data storage and sharing in AIoTs networks.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Classified Ledger Framework for Data Flow Protection in AIoT Networks

Dong-Hoon

et al. 2021

Security and Communication Networks

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“…Gabay et al [ 88 ] discussed the possible privacy leakage problem for EVs in the charging process and proposed a privacy-aware authentication problem based on blockchain and zero-knowledge proofs. The Ethereum distributed ledger is used to achieve a decentralized consensus, and a zero-knowledge proof-based approach is adopted to enable privacy protection.…”

Section: Blockchain and The Vehicular Internet Of Thingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain for Vehicular Internet of Things: Recent Advances and Open Issues

Peng

Gao

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The vehicular Internet of Things (IoT) comprises enabling technologies for a large number of important applications including collaborative autonomous driving and advanced transportation systems. Due to the mobility of vehicles, strict application requirements, and limited communication resources, the conventional centralized control fails to provide sufficient quality of service for connected vehicles, so a decentralized approach is required in the vicinity to satisfy the requirements of delay-sensitive and mission-critical applications. A decentralized system is also more resistant to the single point of failure problem and malicious attacks. Blockchain technology has been attracting great interest due to its capability of achieving a decentralized, transparent, and tamper-resistant system. There are many studies focusing on the use of blockchain in managing data and transactions in vehicular environments. However, the application of blockchain in vehicular environments also faces some technical challenges. In this paper, we first explain the fundamentals of blockchain and vehicular IoT. Then, we conduct a literature review on the existing research efforts of the blockchain for vehicular IoT by discussing the research problems and technical issues. After that, we point out some future research issues considering the characteristics of both blockchain and vehicular IoT.

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“…The goal is to implement zero proof knowledge algorithms on smart contracts to create an anonymous coin mixer for Ether unlinking transactions from the origin of the payment but still reveals payment amounts and destinations [ 26 ]. ZKP has been also adapted for enabling privacy-preserving authentication in the context of real-time charging operations for connected EVs [ 27 ]. An important decentralized identity management framework that provides the properties is the Web of Trust model [ 28 ], which was first introduced by the Pretty-Good-Privacy system to establish the authenticity and certification of identities and the data pertaining to them.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain and Demand Response: Zero-Knowledge Proofs for Energy Transactions Privacy

Pop

Antal

Cioara

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Nowadays, the adoption of demand response programs is still lagging due to the prosumers’ lack of awareness, fear of losing control and privacy of energy data, etc. Programs decentralization, by adopting promising technologies such as blockchain, may bring significant advantages in terms of transparency, openness, improved control, and increased active participation of prosumers. Nevertheless, even though in general the transparency of the public blockchain is a desirable feature in the energy domain, the prosumer energy data is sensitive and rather private, thus, a privacy-preserving solution is required. In this paper, we present a decentralized implementation of demand response programs on top of the public blockchain which deals with the privacy of the prosumer’s energy data using zero-knowledge proofs and validates on the blockchain the prosumer’s activity inside the program using smart contracts. Prosumer energy data is kept private, while on the blockchain it is stored a zero-knowledge proof that is generated by the prosumer itself allowing the implementation of functions to validate potential deviations from the request and settle prosumer’s activity. The solution evaluation results are promising in terms of ensuring the privacy of prosumer energy data stored in the public blockchain and detecting potential data inconsistencies.

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Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme for Connected Electric Vehicles Using Blockchain and Zero Knowledge Proofs

Cited by 99 publications

References 29 publications

A Novel Classified Ledger Framework for Data Flow Protection in AIoT Networks

A Novel Classified Ledger Framework for Data Flow Protection in AIoT Networks

Blockchain for Vehicular Internet of Things: Recent Advances and Open Issues

Blockchain and Demand Response: Zero-Knowledge Proofs for Energy Transactions Privacy

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