Privacy and security in the digital age: contemporary challenges and future directions

Hiranandani, Vanmala Sunder

doi:10.1080/13642987.2010.493360

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…For most people "privacy" is a meaningful and valuable "commodity", but the term has different meanings in different contexts [2]. Privacy is an essential component of individual freedom, civil liberty, autonomy and dignity [3,4]. The right to privacy is the right to an individual's autonomy and personality, which is an individual's general right [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consumers' privacy should be respected and balanced with societal and regulatory requirements and the value provided by companies when consumers share their personal information [58]. In terms of privacy, individuals have a reasonable expectation that companies such as cellphone and internet providers, banks, government institutions, medical practitioners, and retail and insurance organisations will secure their personal information [3]. However, the right to privacy in the digital world is under attack as tracking surveillance is increasing and individuals' personal records are becoming more vulnerable while being stored digitally [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Personal Information and Regulatory Requirements for Direct Marketing: A South African Insurance Industry Experiment

Veiga

Swartz

2017

SAIEE Afr. Res. J.

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The processing of personal information by companies should be in line with ethical and regulatory requirements. Whilst respecting the right to privacy, personal information can be used to create value in the economy as well as on an individual level by tailoring and targeting services. However, personal information should not be processed under false pretences for the purposes of direct marketing. Data protection regulations, such as the Protection of Personal Information Act (PoPI) 2013, regulate the processing of personal information. Accordingly, companies domiciled in South Africa have to comply with the conditions of PoPI and must process personal information in line with the agreed purpose. PoPI will have an impact on direct marketing and certain conditions will apply to protect individuals' personal information, as well as how and by whom it is used. This research sets out to investigate whether companies in the insurance industry are complying with the direct marketing conditions of PoPI pertaining to opt in and opt out preferences as well as a few other aspects. An experiment was conducted in South Africa whereby two new cellphone numbers and six new e-mail addresses were deposited in the economy by requesting online insurance quotes from twenty different insurance companies. For half of the online insurance quotes the researchers elected to opt in for direct marketing and for the other half to opt out. Any communication received on the cellphone numbers or e-mail addresses was recorded and analysed to establish if the preferences expressed were being complied with. The results indicate that data was shared and possibly leaked; this finding was based on the number of contacts received from companies that were not part of the sample. It was found that opt out preferences for direct marketing were not honoured by some companies. Other aspects, such as the availability of the option to opt in or opt out for direct marketing when depositing personal information on websites, secure processing of personal information and the use of privacy disclaimers, were also found to be lacking in some instances. This indicates that the insurance industry in South Africa might not yet be fully compliant with the requirements for direct marking, as required by PoPI and the Consumer Protection Act (CPA). The results of the research can be used to improve direct marketing interactions with consumers, helping to ensure not only compliance with PoPI, but also the maintenance of a trusting relationship by respecting privacy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal Information and Regulatory Requirements for Direct Marketing: A South African Insurance Industry Experiment

Veiga

Swartz

2017

SAIEE Afr. Res. J.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Individuals have a reasonable privacy expectation that companies, like telephone or internet providers, banks, government, medical practitioners and insurance companies would secure their personal information [3]. However, the right to privacy in the digital world is under attack as tracking surveillance is increasing and individuals' personal records are becoming more vulnerable while being stored digitally [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the right to privacy in the digital world is under attack as tracking surveillance is increasing and individuals' personal records are becoming more vulnerable while being stored digitally [3]. Contextual integrity is destroyed by selling or reusing digital information; even if users give their consent, they are not always aware of the purpose for which their information is later used [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PoPI Act - opt-in and opt-out compliance from a data value chain perspective: A South African insurance industry experiment

Swartz

Veiga

2016

2016 Information Security for South Africa (ISSA)

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Abstract-Personal information is collected and processed by various companies when individuals buy products and services, share their information on social media or enter their details in competitions and so on. This personal information, which could potentially also be shared with third party companies, is analyzed to tailor services and products to consumer's preferences and online behavior, with the objective of creating a data value chain. When the Protection of Personal Information (PoPI) Act (2013) comes into effect in South Africa, companies will have to comply with the conditions of PoPI and protect individuals' personal information accordingly. Companies will only be allowed to use personal information for the agreed purpose it was collected for and must obtain individuals' consent to share or further process their information. This research sets out to monitor the flow of personal information through an experiment to establish if data value chains are shaped within the South African insurance industry, and to establish whether the consumer's personal information, which is part of the data value chain, is processed in line with certain conditions of PoPI.The experiment highlighted that some of the insurance companies in the selected sample did not comply with the opt-in or opt-out preferences of the researcher. In addition some did not meet with the condition to obtain consent before sharing personal information with third parties for marketing purposes. No formal data value chains could be identified during the time frame of this experiment as it was found that the researcher was contacted randomly about generic marketing and communication offerings.

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The ecosystem concept: a holistic approach to privacy protection

Elrick

2020

International Review of Law, Computers & Technology

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Proportionality remains a vague concept, in part due to the inherent difficulty of balancing two fundamentally important, but potentially conflicting values, particularly when no recognised method exists to definitively determine where the balance should lie. In the current global climate, privacy has increasingly found itself balanced against the necessity of a wide range of intrusive technological measures judged essential to the state's fight against terrorism. The range of measures involved can make assessing proportionality complicated, as relying on the proportionality test which isolates and examines a particular legal measure independently, might not adequately identify the total risk presented to an individual's privacy. In this article, it is proposed that one way of addressing this issue is through turning to the biological concept of the ecosystem for guidance. This concept recognises the existence of a closely interconnected system of actors, engaged in the exchange of information and resources. In particular, it places great importance on the interconnections between the various actors, and the effects one can have on another. This article therefore considers whether this approach can be utilised in order to conduct a more holistic proportionality assessment, and whether it provides a viable method of analysis within law.

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Privacy and security in the digital age: contemporary challenges and future directions

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Personal Information and Regulatory Requirements for Direct Marketing: A South African Insurance Industry Experiment

Personal Information and Regulatory Requirements for Direct Marketing: A South African Insurance Industry Experiment

PoPI Act - opt-in and opt-out compliance from a data value chain perspective: A South African insurance industry experiment

The ecosystem concept: a holistic approach to privacy protection

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