Prioritizing nationally endemic species for conservation

Kraus, Daniel; Enns, Amie; Hebb, Andrea; Murphy, Stephen D.; Drake, D. Andrew R.; Bennett, Bruce

doi:10.1111/csp2.12845

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…We show that there is no association between the proportion of assessed endemic species in a country and the total number of endemics it contains. Our endemism estimates align with other more localised counts of endemic plant species in some countries, including Australia (Chapman, 2009) and China (Feng et al, 2016) but may differ from others which are based on local taxonomic treatments, such as Italy (Orsenigo et al, 2018) or Canada (Kraus et al, 2023). Differences in endemism estimates highlight that the WCVP, while global in scope and carefully curated (see Govaerts et al, 2021), constitutes only one view of global plant taxonomy and distribution.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Global shortfalls in threat assessments for endemic flora by country

Gallagher

Allen

Govaerts

et al. 2023

Plants People Planet

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Societal Impact StatementPlants are fundamental to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and are key to human livelihoods. To protect plant diversity, systematic approaches to conservation assessment are needed. Many nations have legislation or other policy instruments that seek to protect biodiversity (including plants), and species‐level assessments are essential for identifying the most threatened species that require special and immediate protection measures. Some plants occur in only one place (for instance, a single country) and here we have estimated how many of these ‘endemic’ species have had their threats assessed in each country or close country‐equivalent worldwide. We show that the level of assessment completion is only weakly related to the income of countries or the likely level of threat that species face.Summary The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation ambitiously called for an assessment of the conservation status of all recognised plant taxa by 2020. This target was not met in the short term. Nevertheless, the need for conservation assessments remains urgent as plants go extinct and face increasing threats from human impacts on the biosphere. Here, the completeness of threat assessments for endemic flora in 179 countries or their close equivalents was assessed. To do so, distribution information from the World Checklist of Vascular Plants was combined with assessments collated in the ThreatSearch database. The completeness of assessments was expected to be associated with the objective affluence of countries (measured using inequality‐adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)) and/or the exposure of their plant species to threats associated with human impacts (measured using Global Human Modification index (GHM)). The number of endemic species per country was also hypothesised to influence the completion of assessments. Overall, 58% of all country‐based endemic species examined have no conservation assessment (127,643 species). Countries' progress toward the completion of threat assessments for endemic plants could not be confidently predicted by IHDI, GHM or the richness of endemic plant flora. The shortfall in threat assessments identified here restricts national regulation of actions which imperil plant species, with particular consequences for endemic plant species subject to local laws. Some nations with high IHDI scores (i.e. wealthier nations) are not systematically assessing extinction risk in their endemic species. Scarce funding should be directed to global hotspots of endemism with few available resources for assessment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Global shortfalls in threat assessments for endemic flora by country

Gallagher

Allen

Govaerts

et al. 2023

Plants People Planet

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“…These threats are mostly due to human pressure and demand for resources [ 2 ]. Endemic taxa, among all those occurring in a territory, represent one of the greatest global conservation responsibilities for any country [ 3 ]. Due to their rarity, they are considered to have low-density occurrences in a small geographic range, which is often a precursor to extinction [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micropropagation of Endemic Endangered Taxa of the Italian Flora: Adenostyles alpina subsp. macrocephala (Asteraceae), as a Case Study

Gianguzzi

Barone

Gristina

et al. 2023

Plants

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The conservation of endangered, rare, and endemic plant species is based on in situ and ex situ conservation strategies. When in situ conservation alone is not sufficient to guarantee the survival of the species, ex situ techniques are adopted in support. This study aimed to develop an efficient micropropagation protocol for Adenostyles by evaluating the effect of different plant growth regulators on leaf explants. Adenostyles alpina subsp. macrocephala (Asterace) is a perennial herbaceous plant endemic to Calabria (Southern Italy). The genus Adenostyles includes three species confined to the mountains of the Mediterranean and southern Europe. For callus induction, media supplemented with different concentrations of Benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mg L−1), Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA) (1 mg L−1), and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) (1 mg L−1) were tested. Shoot regeneration and proliferation were obtained in media supplemented with BAP (1, 2, and 3 mg L−1) and NAA (1 mg L−1). Root induction was obtained in media supplemented with IBA (0.25, 0.50, and 1 mg L−1) and NAA (0.25, 0.50, and 1 mg L−1). Statistically significant differences in callus induction and shoot regeneration were observed between the various media tested. The medium containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) supplemented with 3 mg L−1 of BAP and 1 mg L−1 of NAA showed the highest percentage of callus induction and increased shoot regeneration. The regenerated shoots showed more effective root induction in the hormone-free MS medium and in the presence of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) at concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, and 1 mg L−1. These results can be used as a basis for the preparation of a micropropagation protocol for different taxa of Adenostyles, as well as other species of Asteraceae specialized to the Mediterranean mountain habitat.

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Conservation priorities for Diprotodonts according to evolutionary distinctiveness and extinction risk

Yang

Pavoine

2023

Biodivers Conserv

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Prioritizing nationally endemic species for conservation

Cited by 6 publications

References 49 publications

Global shortfalls in threat assessments for endemic flora by country

Global shortfalls in threat assessments for endemic flora by country

Micropropagation of Endemic Endangered Taxa of the Italian Flora: Adenostyles alpina subsp. macrocephala (Asteraceae), as a Case Study

Conservation priorities for Diprotodonts according to evolutionary distinctiveness and extinction risk

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