Prioritizing mangrove conservation across Mexico to facilitate 2020 NDC ambition

Kumagai, Joy; Costa, Matthew T.; Ezcurra, Exequiel; Aburto‐Oropeza, Octavio

doi:10.1007/s13280-020-01334-8

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Throughout the twentieth century, 30–50% of global mangrove cover has been destroyed. Using previously published global models of carbon stocks and Mexico-specific carbon sequestration data and calculating gross deforestation, it was found that the current rate of deforestation will result in a social cost of USD 392.0 (±7.4) million over the next 25 years [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Pool in Mexican Wetland Soils: Importance of the Environmental Service

Castro

Zitácuaro-Contreras

Betanzo-Torres

et al. 2022

Life

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Mexican wetlands are not included in Earth system models around the world, despite being an important carbon store in the wetland soils in the tropics. In this review, five different types of wetlands were observed (marshes, swamps, flooded grasslands, flooded palms and mangroves) in which their carbon pool/carbon sequestrations in Mexican zones were studied. In addition, it was shown that swamps (forested freshwater wetlands) sequestered more carbon in the soil (86.17 ± 35.9 Kg C m−2) than other types of wetlands (p = 0.011); however, these ecosystems are not taken into consideration by the Mexican laws on protection compared with mangroves (34.1 ± 5.2 Kg C m−2). The carbon pool detected for mangrove was statistically similar (p > 0.05) to data of carbon observed in marshes (34.1 ± 5.2 Kg C m−2) and flooded grassland (28.57 ± 1.04Kg C m−2) ecosystems. The value of carbon in flooded palms (8.0 ± 4.2 Kg C m−2) was lower compared to the other wetland types, but no significant differences were found compared with flooded grasslands (p = 0.99). Thus, the carbon deposits detected in the different wetland types should be taken into account by policy makers and agents of change when making laws for environmental protection, as systematic data on carbon dynamics in tropical wetlands is needed in order to allow their incorporation into global carbon budgets.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Pool in Mexican Wetland Soils: Importance of the Environmental Service

Castro

Zitácuaro-Contreras

Betanzo-Torres

et al. 2022

Life

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“…We analyzed data sets of mangrove carbon stocks and LULC along Thailand's coasts. The aboveground carbon and soil organic carbon data sets are published rasters at 30 × 30 m spatial resolution (Sanderman et al 2018, Simard et al 2019) and have been used for modeling of carbon stock changes in mangroves at national (Kumagai et al 2020) and global scales (Richards et al 2020, Adame et al 2021, Zeng et al 2021). Although in situ measurements of aboveground carbon and soil organic carbon data are preferable over global maps, these data are unavailable at a national scale for Thailand.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net loss statistics underestimate carbon emissions from mangrove land use and land cover change

2021

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Converting mangroves to other land cover types can induce large emissions of carbon dioxide, depending on the type of land use and land cover (LULC) change. However, mangroves may also recover their ecosystem carbon stocks rapidly following restoration, potentially offsetting carbon stock losses. While studies have quantified these tradeoffs at global scales using coarse metrics, fewer studies have quantified them at national scales at higher resolution. Here, we used high-resolution data sets of LULC for mangroves in Thailand to quantify district-level gross and net changes in mangrove carbon stocks from ~1960 to 2014. We found emissions based on gross gain and loss statistics (7.18 ± 0.24 million Mg C) to be greater than those associated with emissions based on net area change statistics (1.65 ± 0.26 million Mg C) by a factor of four. The difference in estimates arises from slower rates of carbon stock recovery following reforestation relative to carbon stock loss following LULC change. Overall, we found the greatest gains in mangrove carbon stocks to be from mangrove expansion in areas of accreting sediments, which were strongly correlated with district-level extent of undisturbed mangroves. Our results show that net loss statistics may greatly underestimate emissions associated with LULC change in mangroves. Additionally, our findings suggest that gains in mangrove carbon stocks associated with natural establishment at the periphery of standing mangroves may offset substantial carbon stock losses at national scales.

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“…Of 1678 fishnet cells sized at 100 hectares with mangrove area registered in either GMW or CONABIO dataset for Baja California Sur, CONABIO's data resulted in a total area of 26,843.44 ha, while GMW registered 34,052.54 ha. The area of mangrove identified in either CONABIO or GMW datasets totaled 35,200.97 ha, while the area of intersection or overlap totaled 25,695.23 ha (73%). The difference in area averaged 5.66 ± 0.15 (SEM) ha per cell, with a range of 0.00 to 71.82 ha.…”

Section: Comparing Satellite-based Datasets For Bcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We found that our correction factors as described in Section 3.3 may be limited in their application in regard to the difference in time of when drone and satellite imagery were captured and if dramatic mangrove loss occurs. Withholding extreme cases of mangrove loss, for this study, the state of BCS generally has an annual deforestation rate of 0.225% [35], which would amount to a total of 0.675% difference in mangrove extent and is considered insignificant beyond the example described. Variation in water level (i.e., tidal levels) may explain some of the discrepancies between satellite and drones, assigning larger error to satellite data.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, 2021-2030 is the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. Mangroves are poised to serve as solutions for climate adaption and mitigation, but they lack the support needed for effective implementation [5,35,37]. As an essential ocean variable that provides high social value, mangroves require higher spatial and temporal monitoring, especially in areas that are at high risk of loss [4].…”

Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Driven by Drones: Improving Mangrove Extent Maps Using High-Resolution Remote Sensing

et al. 2020

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This study investigated how different remote sensing techniques can be combined to accurately monitor mangroves. In this paper, we present a framework to use drone imagery to calculate correction factors which can improve the accuracy of satellite-based mangrove extent. We focus on semi-arid dwarf mangroves of Baja California Sur, Mexico, where the mangroves tend to be stunted in height and found in small patches, as well as larger forests. Using a DJI Phantom 4 Pro, we imaged mangroves and labeled the extent by manual classification in QGIS. Using ArcGIS, we compared satellite-based mangrove extent maps from Global Mangrove Watch (GMW) in 2016 and Mexico’s national government agency (National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity, CONABIO) in 2015, with extent maps generated from in situ drone studies in 2018 and 2019. We found that satellite-based extent maps generally overestimated mangrove coverage compared to that of drone-based maps. To correct this overestimation, we developed a method to derive correction factors for GMW mangrove extent. These correction factors correspond to specific pixel patterns generated from a convolution analysis and mangrove coverage defined from drone imagery. We validated our model by using repeated k-fold cross-validation, producing an accuracy of 98.3% ± 2.1%. Overall, drones and satellites are complementary tools, and the rise of machine learning can help stakeholders further leverage the strengths of the two tools, to better monitor mangroves for local, national, and international management.

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Prioritizing mangrove conservation across Mexico to facilitate 2020 NDC ambition

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

Carbon Pool in Mexican Wetland Soils: Importance of the Environmental Service

Carbon Pool in Mexican Wetland Soils: Importance of the Environmental Service

Net loss statistics underestimate carbon emissions from mangrove land use and land cover change

Driven by Drones: Improving Mangrove Extent Maps Using High-Resolution Remote Sensing

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