Prior residence and body size influence interactions between black sea urchins

Morishita, Vanessa Rímoli; Buchmann, Francisco Sekiguchi de Carvalho; Christofoletti, Ronaldo Adriano; Volpato, Gilson Luiz; Barreto, Rodrigo Egydio

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2008.11.010

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The resident-intruder paradigm has been described in several taxa (Krasne et al, 1997;Bowen et al, 2008;Rosell et al, 2008;Morishita et al, 2009), including fish (Beaugrand & Zayan, 1985;Barreto & Volpato, 2006;Watanabe, 2008). In this study, the pearl cichlids reinforce this paradigm irrespective of enrichment condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Resource retention may be linked to an animal's ability to maintain a territory (Ridley, 1995). Animals who adjust their aggressive behavior in defense of a specific area (Huntingford & Turner, 1987) display territoriality, a phenomenon described in several taxa (Krasne et al, 1997;Bowen et al, 2008;Rosell et al, 2008;Morishita et al, 2009), including fish (Beaugrand & Zayan, 1985;Barreto & Volpato, 2006;Watanabe, 2008). In this context, a resident animal usually wins a fight with an intruder, probably because the resident animal values the territory more than an intruder (Enquist & Leimar, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental enrichment reduces aggression of pearl cichlid, Geophagus brasiliensis, during resident-intruder interactions

Kadry

Barreto

2010

Neotrop. ichthyol.

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Among fishes, when residents and intruders fight, residents usually win, most likely because they value the residence more than intruders. We hypothesized that enriched environments increase the value of an area in dispute, causing a resident to more fiercely defend a resource-rich environment than a poor one. However, in the present study, intruder-resident tests with the pearl cichlid, Geophagus brasiliensis, showed environmental enrichment actually reduces aggression and can even lead to co-habitation without fighting. Additionally, in our experiments, the prior residence effect occurred irrespective of enrichment condition. Decreased visibility from increased habitat complexity reduces interactions between fish and consequently might explain the lower aggression observed herein.Em lutas entre peixes residentes e intrusos, residentes geralmente vencem, provavelmente porque valorizam o território mais do que os intrusos. Nós aventamos a hipótese de que ambientes enriquecidos aumentam o valor da área em disputa, levando os residentes a defenderem mais violentamente ambientes enriquecidos de recursos do que ambientes empobrecidos, pois possuiriam mais motivação para mantê-lo. No entanto, no presente estudo, ao testarmos as interações entre intrusos e residentes em acarás, Geophagus brasiliensis, observamos que o enriquecimento ambiental reduz a agressividade e pode levar a cohabitação entre os peixes, sem luta. Adicionalmente, em nossos experimentos, o efeito da residência prévia ocorreu independente da condição de enriquecimento. A diminuição das interações entre os peixes e, consequentemente, a diminuição do nível de agressividade é aqui atribuída aos efeitos da diminuição da visibilidade entre os peixes devido ao aumento de complexidade do ambiente.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental enrichment reduces aggression of pearl cichlid, Geophagus brasiliensis, during resident-intruder interactions

Kadry

Barreto

2010

Neotrop. ichthyol.

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“…The behaviours recorded were (i) extension of tube feet, where the tube feet could be retracted (0) or extended (1), and (ii) spine movement, where the animal frantically moved the spines (1) or no clear movement was detected (0). These procedures were based on Morishita et al (2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black sea urchins evaluate predation risk using chemical signals from a predator and injured con- and heterospecific prey

Morishita¹,

Barreto²

2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The traits related to foraging and eating are crucial to our understanding of food webs. The use of signals to detect predators has strong relevance for prey survival. The black sea urchin Echinometra lucunter cohabits with the green sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus and a generalist echinivorous predator, the cushion sea star Oreaster reticulatus. Because black sea urchins evolved under the same predation pressure as green sea urchins and, consequently, were exposed to the same sensory cues, they are hypothesised to be able to detect echinivorous predator odours and chemical cues from green sea urchins as well as from injured conspecifics to elicit antipredator responses. Black sea urchins responded strongly to predators fed on a diet of conspecifics, showed a weak response to predators fed on green sea urchins and did not respond to a starved predator. The failure of black sea urchins to respond to hungry cushion sea stars probably increases their risk of being consumed. Black sea urchins, however, responded strongly to injured conspecific and, to a lesser degree, to heterospecific prey. In addition to the dilution effect imposed by the habit of living in dense assemblages, black sea urchins use the defence strategy of detecting an upcoming threat via chemical cue from injured prey when cues emanating from the echinivorous predator itself are not detectable.

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“…An area with conspecific odour should indicate the territory of another animal, and to stay in it, or to invade a conspecific area could induce fighting. In a contest, the intruder animal is usually the loser (Beaugrand & Zayan, 1985;Fayed et al, 2008;Morishita et al, 2009;Kadry & Barreto, 2010) and might experience the harmful effects of losing a fight (stress by receiving several bites, in the case of fishes, for instance see Barreto & Volpato 2006a, 2006b). Thus, it would be plausible that chemical cues are used to avoid unnecessary aggressive encounters in this eel.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the eels avoided an area containing conspecific odour, we suggest this behaviour happens to avoid invasion and/or staying in an owned territory (the focus fish was the 'intruder' in the tank, and the conspecific chemical cue should be assumed as the presence of a territory owner burrowed into the sand bed). Territory owners have advantages in a fight and usually win the contest (Beaugrand & Zayan, 1985;Fayed et al, 2008;Morishita et al, 2009;Kadry & Barreto, 2010). Thus, conspecific odour perception may prevent intruder animals to be stalwartly attacked, injured or prevent unnecessary use of energy in a disadvantageous dispute, thus a clearly adaptive response.…”

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confidence: 99%

Spatial choice is biased by chemical cues from conspecifics in the speckeled worm eel Myrophis punctatus

et al. 2010

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The speckeld worm eel Myrophis punctatus lives in high-densities assemblages, and usually digs through, or lies on the substrate. These behaviours could lead to chemical marks on the substrate and could modulate the spatial distribution in this species. We tested the hypothesis that the spatial choice of the speckled worm eel is modulated by the presence of conspecific odour on the substrate. Here, we showed that the speckled worm eel avoids the substrate area containing the conspecific odour, indicating that this chemical cue modulates the eel's spatial decision. The eels clearly detected the conspecific's odour. This perception might indicate the presence of conspecifics into the substrate. Since the eels avoided an area containing conspecific odour, we suggest this may be a response that avoids the consequences of invading a resident-animal's territory.A enguia mirongo-mirim Myrophis punctatus vive em agrupamentos de alta densidade populacional e comumente se enterra ou permanece sob o substrato. Esses comportamentos podem levar a marcas químicas no subtrato e podem, portanto, modular o uso do espaço nessa espécie. Neste estudo, testamos a hipótese de que a preferência espacial da enguia mirongo-mirim é influenciada pela presença de odor do animal coespecífico no subtrato. Mostramos que as enguias evitam a área que contém tal odor, indicando que as decisões de ocupação espacial podem ser influenciadas por pistas químicas de coespecíficos. As enguias claramente detectaram o odor de um animal coespecífico e essa percepção poderia ser um indicativo da presença de um coespecífico enterrado no substrato. Visto que elas evitam uma área contendo tal odor, sugerimos que isso poderia ser uma resposta para evitar invadir o território de um animal residente.

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Prior residence and body size influence interactions between black sea urchins

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Environmental enrichment reduces aggression of pearl cichlid, Geophagus brasiliensis, during resident-intruder interactions

Environmental enrichment reduces aggression of pearl cichlid, Geophagus brasiliensis, during resident-intruder interactions

Black sea urchins evaluate predation risk using chemical signals from a predator and injured con- and heterospecific prey

Spatial choice is biased by chemical cues from conspecifics in the speckeled worm eel Myrophis punctatus

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