Printed Circuit Board Structural Properties and Spiral Groove Trace Conductors for Hydrodynamic Gap Maintenance in Axial Flux Rotating Machines

Macroscale Electrostatic Rotating Machines and Drives: A Review and Multiplicative Gain Performance Strategy

“…This limited the operating voltage, significantly reducing system performance. The pressure terms of the Maxwell stress tensor (3) act to collapse the gap and can deform the disks/plates, reducing gap distance or even crash the rotors, especially in axial flux configurations [91]. Radial flux gaps more easily manage this compared with their axial counterparts because the Maxwell pressures cancel radially for concentric cylinders.…”

“…This concept was taken a step further in [106] and [107] where the dielectric liquid serves to increase shear and provide gap maintenance simultaneously. The demonstration was shown in [91] and [97], where the poles of the ES machine were formed as herringbone groove features shown in Fig. 9(d) and (e), allowing them to be dual purposed as both the torque and thrust producing mechanisms in the machine.…”

Design aspects, winding arrangements and applications of printed circuit board motors: a comprehensive review

“…Almost similar to the electromagnetic machines, the electrostatic ones also have radial conductors on the surface as their basic and main electrical structures. Unlike their magnetic counterparts, both the rotor and stator of these machines have PCB which demonstrate the mutual capacitance between the copper tracks [8]. Low et al .…”

“…Regarding PCB windings benefits, researchers have studied and compared their features as an alternative concept for round‐wire windings in rotating machines [1, 6, 7]. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that this technology is an attractive applicable option to be used in rotating machines construction, which allows the machine structure and the necessary conductors for power conversion to be manufactured simultaneously [8]. PCB motors are relatively small sort of motors that have some unique advantages such as compact size [6, 9–12], high efficiency [9, 10, 13, 14], high power density [14, 15], reduced acoustic noise [6, 16], superior achievable current density [17, 18], and low‐cost [1, 10, 11, 19].…”

“…PCB motors have generally been limited to use in low speed, power, and torque applications. However, the recent wide tendency of discovery for materials, multilayer PCB technology development, improvement of professional PCB design software (Altium and Dip Trace), and extensive bandgap semiconductor drive technology has reduced the main electrical obstacles (like low reactance), that have so far prevented these motors from being recognised as they should have been [8]. Recently, the academic communities and, to some extent, industrial societies have witnessed increasing attention and rapid advancement of PCB motors in terms of the design, winding arrangement, and manufacturing stages.…”