Printed 3D Gesture Recognition Thermoformed Half Sphere Compatible with In‐Mold Electronic Applications

Abstract

The development of conformable electronic systems’ focuses on the multifunctional smart materials transform areas from the automotive industry to biomedicine, based on improved integration and advanced functionalities. In‐mold electronics (IME) combines thermoforming, injection molding, and printed electronics, resulting in sensing structural parts integrated into smart surfaces, communicating with computer systems, and enabling advanced experiences in terms of human‐machine interaction. Contrary to flexible electronics, designed as bend conductors around a single axis, thermoformed electronics allow deformations in the three‐axial directions for different geometries. Herein, a 2D screen‐printed pattern using conductive silver ink thermoformed into a spherical surface suitable for 3D gesture recognition is reported. The mechanical deformation of the high‐impact polystyrene sheet (HIPS) and polyethylene terephthalate‐glycol (PETG) substrates during the thermoforming process of the electrical circuit is characterized experimentally. The electrical resistance changes through the circuit in the stages of the fabrication process due the thickness decrease and the propagation of the small cracks. Both evaluations contribute to a better understanding of the performance of the materials when subject to the IME process. Validation of the 3D gesture recognition operation is carried out, demonstrating their full operability, as well as the possibilities that the combination of technologies allows.

Preparation and Performance Analysis of 3D Thermoformed Fluidic Polymer Temperature Sensors for Aquatic and Terrestrial Applications

“…The results obtained from this comprehensive study highlight the promising potential of thermoforming as a viable method for fabricating advanced temperature sensors. The combination of 3D printing with thermoforming brings forth a multitude of advantages [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Firstly, it offers unparalleled customization, allowing the creation of intricately tailored designs for various applications, such as personalized medical implants.…”