Printable ink lenses, diffusers, and 2D gratings

Ahmed, Rajib; Yetisen, Ali K.; Khoury, Anthony El; Butt, Haider

doi:10.1039/c6nr07841a

Cited by 25 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…30 This approach is fast, eliminates complex and tedious pre-/posttreatment of samples, is cost-effective, and does not require high technical expertise. 14,31 Direct laser interference lithography (DLIL) is based on in-line or off-line laser interference techniques, and does not require masks for the 2/3D surface pattering. 32 DLIL based pattering is mainly based on UV, femtosecond (fs) and nanosecond (ns) laser ablation techniques to create submicron nanophotonic structures.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…38 Laser ablation based on ns-laser patterning allows printing holographic devices, offering low cost and less production complexity. 31 Single beam, or multibeam laser light has been utilized to produce interference patterns to ablate 2D/3D nanopatterns. 30,32,[39][40][41][42] Laser ablation can be utilized to form nanophotonic devices in ink, gold, polymers, or functionalized substrates.…”

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confidence: 99%

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High Numerical Aperture Hexagonal Stacked Ring-Based Bidirectional Flexible Polymer Microlens Array

2017

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Flexible imprinted photonic nanostructures that are able to diffract/focus narrow-band light have potential applications in optical lenses, filters, tunable lasers, displays, and biosensing. Nanophotonic structures through holography and roll-to-roll printing may reduce fabrication complexities and expenses and enable mass production. Here, 3D photonic nanostructures of a stacked ring array were imprinted on acrylate polymer (AP) over poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate through holography and lift-off processes to create a microlens array (MLA). The surface structure of the array consisted of circular nonostepped pyramids, and repeated patterns were in hexagonal arrangements. Stacked-ring-based MLA (SMLA) on a flexible AP-PET substrate showed efficient bidirectional light focusing and maximum numerical aperture (NA = 0.60) with a reasonable filling factor. The nanostructures produced a well-ordered hexagonally focused diffraction pattern in the far field, and power intensities were measured through angle-resolved experiments. The variation of nanostep dimensions (width and height) and the number of steps resulted in different photonic bandgaps, and the arrays produced distance-dependent narrow-band light focusing. The validation of the SMLA was demonstrated through the text, image, and hologram projection experiments. It is anticipated that imprinted bidirectional SMLA over flexible substrates may find applications in optical systems, displays, and portable sensors.

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High Numerical Aperture Hexagonal Stacked Ring-Based Bidirectional Flexible Polymer Microlens Array

2017

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“…Flat FZP lenses are of low weight, thinner and compact as compared with traditional curved lenses. 32,33 Having demonstrated the flexibility and high efficiency of this DMDbased DMPL method based on geometrical optics theory, we explored the potential to generate multi-scale microstructures by using a single exposure.…”

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Multi-scale structure patterning by digital-mask projective lithography with an alterable projective scaling system

et al. 2018

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We report a flexible and efficient method to pattern two-dimensional (2D) multi-scale structures by digital-mask projective lithography (DMPL) with an alterable projective scaling system. In the developed DMPL system, femtosecond laser was modulated by digital micromirror device (DMD) to generate a designable intensity distribution with digital image information. The projective law of this DMPL system based on the geometric optics theory verified for different projective scaling lens systematically has been studied. With the combination of the customizable DMD elements and alterable projective scaling system, 2D designable patterned microstructures with multi-scale size range from millimeter to hundred nanometer have been achieved by a single exposure. In addition, an engineered Fresnel zone plate (FZP) with numerical aperture (NA) of 0.36 and focal length of 114 μm has been achieved by a single exposure of 1.2 s. The acquisition of the array of FZP lens shows the stability and efficiency of the pattern process. The proposed method could be expected to play an important role in the flexible and efficient fabrication of engineered 2D multi-scale structures.

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“…This method differs from other techniques used for producing holographic diffusers, where a pulsed laser is used for patterning a photopolymer layer coated onto a plastic or glass substrate. 21,22 In contrast to this, we perform direct laser ablation of float glass substrates (without any polymer coating) for the production of tailored surface textures and roughness. The proposed new fabrication approach allows functional microstructures (topographies) to be created on float glass substrates to distribute light efficiently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanosecond pulsed laser texturing of optical diffusers

et al. 2017

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High-quality optical glass diffusers have applications in aerospace, displays, imaging systems, medical devices, and optical sensors. The development of rapid and accurate fabrication techniques is highly desirable for their production. Here, a micropatterning method for the fast fabrication of optical diffusers by means of nanosecond pulsed laser ablation is demonstrated (λ=1064 nm, power=7.02, 9.36 and 11.7 W and scanning speed=200 and 800 mm s-1). The experiments were carried out by point-to-point texturing of a glass surface in spiral shape. The laser machining parameters, the number of pulses and their power had significant effect on surface features. The optical characteristics of the diffusers were characterized at different scattering angles. The features of the microscale structures influenced average roughness from 0.8 μm to 1.97 μm. The glass diffusers scattered light at angles up to 20° and their transmission efficiency were measured up to ∼97% across the visible spectrum. The produced optical devices diffuse light less but do so with less scattering and energy losses as compared to opal diffusing glass. The presented fabrication method can be applied to any other transparent material to create optical diffusers. It is anticipated that the optical diffusers presented in this work will have applications in the production of LED spotlights and imaging devices.

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Printable ink lenses, diffusers, and 2D gratings

Abstract: Advances in holography have led to applications including data storage, displays, security labels, and colorimetric sensors.

Cited by 25 publications

References 40 publications

High Numerical Aperture Hexagonal Stacked Ring-Based Bidirectional Flexible Polymer Microlens Array

High Numerical Aperture Hexagonal Stacked Ring-Based Bidirectional Flexible Polymer Microlens Array

Multi-scale structure patterning by digital-mask projective lithography with an alterable projective scaling system

Nanosecond pulsed laser texturing of optical diffusers

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