Printable High‐Efficiency and Stable FAPbBr₃ Perovskite Solar Cells for Multifunctional Building‐Integrated Photovoltaics

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show great promise for next‐generation building‐integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications because of their abundance of raw materials, adjustable transparency, and cost‐effective printable processing. Owing to the complex perovskite nucleation and growth control, the fabrication of large‐area perovskite films for high‐performance printed PSCs is still under active investigation. Herein, the study proposes an intermediate‐phase‐transition‐assisted one‐step blade coating for an intrinsic transparent formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) perovskite film. The intermediate complex optimizes the crystal growth path of FAPbBr3, resulting in a large‐area, homogeneous, and dense absorber film. A champion efficiency of 10.86% with high open‐circuit voltage up to 1.57 V is obtained with a simplified device architecture of glass/FTO/SnO2/FAPbBr3/carbon. Moreover, the unencapsulated devices maintain 90% of their initial power conversion efficiency after aging at 75 °C for 1000 h in ambient air, and 96% after maximum power point tracking for 500 h. The printed semitransparent PSCs, with average visible light transmittance over 45%, demonstrate high efficiencies for both small devices (8.6%) and 10 × 10 cm2 modules (5.55%). Finally, the ability to customize the color, transparency, and thermal insulation properties of FAPbBr3 PSCs makes them high prospects as multifunctional BIPVs.

Flexible, Transparent, and Bifacial Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Using the Wide-Band Gap FAPbBr3 Perovskite Absorber

“…Furthermore, semitransparent solar cells often employ a thinner absorber layer to enhance the AVT of the cell. FAPbBr 3 -based semitransparent PSCs exhibit minimal angular dependence of PCE, making them highly attractive for window-integrated applications . When deposited on flexible substrates, these cells also experience a decrease in PCE, with the highest reported PCE of 5.0% for flexible opaque cells, and no PSCs that are both flexible and semitransparent have been reported using this perovskite (FAPbBR 3 ) to the best of our knowledge.…”

“…Among the strategies to increase the AVT are thickness tuning, patterning, and band gap tuning. ,, The optimal band gap range to achieve AVT values of 50–80% with the band gap tuning strategy is 2.18 and 2.32 eV . Formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr 3 ) perovskite, which has a band gap of around 2.3 eV, falls well within the optimal band gap range for achieving high AVT and has already demonstrated AVT values exceeding 50%. , The PCE of opaque FAPbBr 3 solar cells typically reaches around 10%. − However, when using semitransparent back-contact, PCE decreased to approximately 8%. ,, This reduction in efficiency is primarily attributed to the lack of back-reflection of the metallic back-contact, which results in a reduced collection of backscattered light for harvesting. Furthermore, semitransparent solar cells often employ a thinner absorber layer to enhance the AVT of the cell.…”

“…41−43 However, when using semitransparent back-contact, PCE decreased to approximately 8%. 39,40,44 This reduction in efficiency is primarily attributed to the lack of back-reflection of the metallic back-contact, which results in a reduced collection of backscattered light for harvesting. Furthermore, semitransparent solar cells often employ a thinner absorber layer to enhance the AVT of the cell.…”

“…24 Formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr 3 ) perovskite, which has a band gap of around 2.3 eV, falls well within the optimal band gap range for achieving high AVT and has already demonstrated AVT values exceeding 50%. 39,40 The PCE of opaque FAPbBr 3 solar cells typically reaches around 10%. 41−43 However, when using semitransparent back-contact, PCE decreased to approximately 8%.…”

Facile Preparation of Large-Area, Ultrathin, Flexible Semi-Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells via Spin-Coating

“…The integration of semitransparent perovskite layers in solar cells offers exciting opportunities for applications such as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). 7 Semitransparent photovoltaic technol-ogy not only generates power but also contributes to creating a comfortable natural living environment. Allowing natural light to enter the building, it simultaneously reduces the energy consumption.…”