Principles of justice in proposals and policy approaches to avoided deforestation: Towards a post-Kyoto climate agreement

Okereke, Chukwumerije; Dooley, Kate

doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.08.004

Cited by 121 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Indeed, the application of any C compensation scheme is itself facing many challenges, such as the ongoing discussion regarding the most reliable methods of C stock measurement, payment mechanisms and related institutions, accountability, and accessing potential donors. Application of the fairness and equity principle among the multiple stakeholders involved at both the national and international levels is also important (Okereke and Dooley 2010). It is also crucial to take into consideration the value and provision of other environmental services, such as biodiversity levels or maintenance of water quality through the payment for environmental services mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low carbon emission development strategies for Jambi, Indonesia: simulation and trade-off analysis using the FALLOW model

Mulia

Widayati

Suyanto

et al. 2013

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

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Economic growth in rural areas has to align with preservation of land uses that optimise environmental services. This means that trade-offs between economic and ecological priorities need to be understood, quantified and managed. We aimed to estimate the trade-off in the Tanjung Jabung Barat district of Jambi province Indonesia, where traditional agroforestry systems on both peat and mineral soils and logged-over forests give way to monocultural plantations of pulpwood and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Simulations of a 30-year time period of four scenarios using the FALLOW (Forests, Agroforests, Low-value-Landscape, Or, Wastelands) model show that a business-as-usual scenario of economic growth unhindered by the application of conservation scenarios will lead to high carbon dioxide CO 2 emissions. The forest and agroforest protection scenario, with moderate assumptions for peat-based emissions, had opportunity costs of 3-100 USD/t CO 2 e. This occurred especially when the establishment of oil palm plantations, which are currently the most profitable land use option in the area, is directed solely to under utilized mineral soils. The high trade-off values are difficult to reconcile when relying only on C trading mechanism to offset economic opportunity costs of not converting forests and/or agroforests to plantations. We conclude that law-based protection of existing forests, investment in intermediate intensity agroforestry options that utilize locally adapted trees and do not require drainage of peatlands, and re-introduction of tapping Jelutung (Dyera sp) latex as non-timber peat forest product, are needed in the Tanjabar district to provide options that are sustainable from both ecological and economic perspectives.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low carbon emission development strategies for Jambi, Indonesia: simulation and trade-off analysis using the FALLOW model

Mulia

Widayati

Suyanto

et al. 2013

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

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“…Although these schemes may hold significant promise for conservation, there are still great uncertainties with regards to which groups will benefit, with some critics arguing that these initiatives may potentially diminish the power of local communities for controlling the management of their own natural resources. For example, procedures of stakeholder consultation which aim to achieve transparency and equal partnerships, and which address issues that affect the rights and capacity of local communities, are still problematic (Okereke and Dooley, 2010;Martin et al, 2013). Many indigenous groups in the Guiana Shield do not have rights to their traditional land and the resources which are found within these (Colchester et al, 2001;Rainforest Alliance, 2012).…”

Section: Insert Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Our common future? Cross-scalar scenario analysis for social–ecological sustainability of the Guiana Shield, South America

Mistry

Tschirhart

Verwer³

et al. 2014

Environmental Science & Policy

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AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank all the participants of the North Rupununi and Guyana scenario workshops and Dominique Laffly for his advice in carrying out statistical analysis. Thank you to the anonymous reviewers for their comments. This research has been funded by the Environment Programme, Management of Natural Resources, DG Research and Innovation, European Commission 7 th Framework. 2 AbstractScenarios help build a shared understanding of potential futures and allow us to engage with how interventions or activities may impact on people and the environment. There are many scenario sets that have been developed at the global and regional level, but to a lesser extent at the national and local levels. Yet fewer studies have explicitly linked imagined futures at different socialecological scales. In this paper, we discuss how scenario analysis was used with indigenous communities and national level stakeholders in Guyana, South America, to explore context specific futures in relation to linked socialecological systems. These futures were then analysed against published regional (Amazonian) and international scenarios using a qualitative coding approach and supported by quantitative factorial analysis. This allowed us to develop a matrix of multi-scalar scenarios, showing how scenarios at all scales interact. From this, we were able to identify virtuous and vicious cycles amongst the different scales where developments produced feedbacks to make situations worse, better or counteract change at other levels. Our results show that there is considerable mismatch between the different scales of analysis, with the national scale playing a key role as mediator. In addition, we highlight the importance of focusing on the root causes shaping futures as well as participatory forms of scenario development in order to provide better policy and decision support, and stimulate engagement at all levels of organisation in the process of change.

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“…Emerging themes have focused upon the ecological and social inputs that constitute the carbon economy, including scrutiny of the construction and application of metrics by which carbon is rendered knowable and translated into a tradable commodity. In terms of governance issues and challenges, the morality of global governance frameworks, as well as questions of participation, inclusion and co-option of civil society and other interests has been examined (Okereke and Dooley 2010;Suisseya and Caplow 2013;Schroeder and McDermott 2014). Walbott (2014), for example, identified the success of Indigenous peoples as 'norm entrepreneurs' in climate negotiations, with outcomes that were able to shape the climate governance agenda.…”

Section: Global Carbon Marketsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Literature has also emerged outlining local level impacts of the expanding carbon economy, including injustice related to land tenure and access rights, as well as local natural resource rights, with indigenous and local communities especially impacted (Lyons and Westoby 2014;Mbatu 2016;Okereke and Dooley 2010;Schroeder and McDermott 2014;Suisseya and Caplow 2013). Literature also identifies the erosion of biodiversity, the militarization of conservation and associated violence by the state (Benjaminsen and Bryceson 2012;Bottazzi et al 2013;Büscher 2013;Cavanagh et al 2015;Fairhead et al 2012;German et al 2014;Martinello 2015;White et al 2012).…”

Section: Global Carbon Marketsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Uganda, between 2008 and 2010 alone, large-scale commercial land deals converted close to 15% of agricultural land into Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) projects, carbon capture and forestry schemes, and other related initiatives (Martinello 2015). In so doing, these initiatives give rise to an array of equity and justice issues and challenges, especially for immediately affected Indigenous and local communities (Okereke and Dooley 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reforming global carbon markets or re-imagining alternative climate solutions and sustainabilities? An analysis of selected NGO strategies in Uganda

Lyons

Westoby

Nel

2017

Journal of Political Ecology

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Carbon markets have emerged globally as a central feature in market based strategies to address the climate crisis. Global trade in carbon is based on the premise that it is possible to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions and stabilise the earth's climate, while at the same time generating new forms of capital accumulation. Amongst carbon market initiatives includes Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) type projects, that connect peasant and subsistence farmers in the south with northern consumers and industries. These projects are expanding on the African continent, giving rise to social, economic and ecological impacts. In this article we chart the responses of social movements to carbon markets. Through a study of selected NGOs active in carbon market campaigns in Uganda, we examine the strategies and tactics of movements in responding to the expanding carbon economy. Our findings demonstrate NGOs' approaches move between, and across, reformist and rebel (or radical) change agendas. Dominant strategies are directed towards reforming carbon markets and associated forestry governance. Meanwhile, a rebel, or radical change agenda -including rejecting the language and ideology of carbon trade, alongside building autonomous local level rights based movements -emerges in the constrained spaces of both privatised green economic governance and a militarised state. Given the constrained opportunities for radical movement organising, and the frequent institutionalization and limited influence of NGOs, increasing understandings of these radical change agendas and their contributions for re-imagining alternative sustainabilities is significant for scholars, activists and practitioners alike. Key words: Carbon markets, REDD, Uganda, alternative sustainabilities RésuméLes marchés du carbone sont apparus globalement comme un élément central des stratégies basées sur le marché pour faire face à la crise climatique. Le commerce mondial du carbone repose sur le principe qu'il est possible de réduire les émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre et de stabiliser le climat de la terre tout en générant de nouvelles formes d'accumulation de capital. Parmi les initiatives du marché du carbone figurent les projets de réduction des émissions provenant du déboisement et de la dégradation (REDD), qui relient les paysans et les agriculteurs de subsistance du Sud aux consommateurs et aux industries du Nord. Ces projets se développent sur le continent africain, donnant lieu à des impacts sociaux, économiques et écologiques. Dans cet article, nous répertorions les résonances des mouvements sociaux sur les marchés du carbone. Grâce à une étude de certaines ONG actives dans les campagnes sur le marché du carbone en Ouganda, nous examinons leurs stratégies et leurs tactiques, et comment elles réagissent à l'expansion de l'économie du carbone. Nos résultats démontrent que les approches des ONGs se déplacent entre les 1 Dr Kristen Lyons, Associate Professor and Dr Peter Westoby, Senior Lecturer; School o...

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Principles of justice in proposals and policy approaches to avoided deforestation: Towards a post-Kyoto climate agreement

Cited by 121 publications

References 29 publications

Low carbon emission development strategies for Jambi, Indonesia: simulation and trade-off analysis using the FALLOW model

Low carbon emission development strategies for Jambi, Indonesia: simulation and trade-off analysis using the FALLOW model

Our common future? Cross-scalar scenario analysis for social–ecological sustainability of the Guiana Shield, South America

Reforming global carbon markets or re-imagining alternative climate solutions and sustainabilities? An analysis of selected NGO strategies in Uganda

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