Principles of ecological restoration of boreal forested ecosystems: Finland as an example

Kuuluvainen, Timo; Aapala, Kaisu; Ahlroth, Petri; Kuusinen, Mikko; Lindholm, Tapio; Sallantaus, Tapani; Siitonen, Juha; Tukia, Harri

doi:10.14214/sf.572

Cited by 67 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Ground level vegetation and trees are very effective in retaining N after altered nutrient conditions in the studied type of peatlands (Silvan et al 2004b;Vikman et al 2010). Abundance of Eriophorum vaginatum, a key species in terms of nutrient immobilization in boreal peatlands (Silvan et al 2004a), and growth of tree saplings increase significantly for a few years after restoration (Kuuluvainen et al 2002;) especially when restoration measures include removal of tree stand . Increased N concentration in the infilled ditches may therefore be related to higher physical disturbance during restoration followed by slower recovery of vegetation after restoration in ditches when compared to peat strips.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fighting carbon loss of degraded peatlands by jump-starting ecosystem functioning with ecological restoration

Kareksela

Haapalehto

Juutinen

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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Esitetään Jyväskylän yliopiston matemaattis-luonnontieteellisen tiedekunnan suostumuksella julkisesti tarkastettavaksi yliopiston vanhassa juhlasalissa S212 maaliskuun 28. päivänä 2014 kello 12.Academic dissertation to be publicly discussed, by permission of the Faculty of Mathematics and Science of the University of Jyväskylä, in building Seminarium, auditorium S212, on March 28, 2014 at 12 o'clock noon. The wide and rapidly increasing human land use has caused extensive degradation of natural landscapes, extinctions of species and loss of ecosystem functions and services. Subsequently, ecological restoration has been raised to a major global strategy for safeguarding ecosystem values. However, concerns have been raised on the real potential of restoration to re-establish ecosystem structures and functions. Here, I studied the effects of ecological restoration on the structure and functions of forestry drained boreal peatland ecosystems in southern Finland. To better understand structural and functional changes, the effects of drainage and restoration on water table level, pore water chemistry and peat chemistry were explored as well. Drainage lowered the water table and induced changes in pore water chemistry and plant community composition. Drainage retarded the accumulation of surface peat and resulted in significant reduction in the sequestration of carbon therein. Re-establishment of water table level and significant recovery of pore water and surface peat chemistry were observed after restoration. Restoration induced the recovery of ecosystem structure i.e. plant community composition towards the target. The recovery was dependent on the within-site degree of ecosystem degradation. The original ecosystem structure was not needed for the re-establishment of important peatland ecosystem functionality in terms of surface peat accumulation. However, a more profound recovery of structure and conditions may be needed for some other functions like surface peat carbon sequestration to recover. Overall, my results are promising from the perspective of restoration. However, they highlight the need for patience in drawing conclusions on the effectiveness of restoration. Practitioners should also be prepared for temporarily increased leaching of nutrients into downstream water courses. UNIVERSITY

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fighting carbon loss of degraded peatlands by jump-starting ecosystem functioning with ecological restoration

Kareksela

Haapalehto

Juutinen

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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“…It will, however, take more than 100 years until these higher levels have been reached. In Finland, ongoing restoration projects (e.g., Kuuluvainen et al 2002) aim at accelerating the formation of dead wood by damaging trees and creating small gaps in the forests by felling trees (Anonymous 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extinction risk of wood-living model species in forest landscapes as related to forest history and conservation strategy

Ranius

Kindvall

2006

Landscape Ecol

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Abstract. Dead wood is a critical resource for biodiversity in boreal forests. We analysed the persistence of five model species inhabiting dead wood. By parameterising a metapopulation model (the incidence function model), the model species were all assigned characteristics that makes it likely that they have disappeared from some (20%) forest landscapes with a long history of forest management. In the metapopulation model, a forest stand (5 ha) was regarded as a habitat patch. The amount of habitat in each patch was obtained from models of dead wood dynamics of Norway spruce in central Sweden. Dead wood generated by altered management over the entire landscape was found to be less efficient in reducing extinction risks in comparison to the same amount of dead wood generated by protecting reserves.Because generation of dead wood by altered management is often less expensive than setting aside reserves, it is difficult to determine which conservation measure is most cost-efficient.In a landscape subjected to forestry for the first time, it was better to preserve a few large reserves than many small ones. However, in a managed, highly fragmented forest landscape it was better to set aside many small reserves. The reason for this was that small plots with high habitat quality could be selected, while large reserves originally contained habitats both of high and low quality, and the rate of habitat quality increase was low. A strategy for biodiversity conservation in a managed forest landscape should include information about the history of the landscape, the current amount and spatial distribution of forest habitats, and the potential for rapid restoration of forest habitats, both on managed and unmanaged forest land.

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“…No obstante, los bosques pueden ser tan variables en el tiempo que no pueden entregar objetivos estáticos de restauración. Una opción para solucionar este problema es una caracterización del rango natural de variabilidad de los bosques y los principales procesos que los influencian (Landres et al 1999;Kuuluvainen et al 2002). Sin embargo, muchas veces no es posible lograr el estado deseado, por lo que se debe buscar y definir estados alternativos.…”

Section: Enfoques De Restauraciónunclassified

Recuperar bosques no es solo plantar árboles: Lecciones aprendidas luego de 7 años restaurando bosques de Pilgerodendron Uviferum (D. Don) Florin en Chiloé

Bannister¹

2015

Anales Instituto Patagonia (Chile)

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Principles of ecological restoration of boreal forested ecosystems: Finland as an example

Cited by 67 publications

References 36 publications

Fighting carbon loss of degraded peatlands by jump-starting ecosystem functioning with ecological restoration

Fighting carbon loss of degraded peatlands by jump-starting ecosystem functioning with ecological restoration

Extinction risk of wood-living model species in forest landscapes as related to forest history and conservation strategy

Recuperar bosques no es solo plantar árboles: Lecciones aprendidas luego de 7 años restaurando bosques de Pilgerodendron Uviferum (D. Don) Florin en Chiloé

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