Principles of bioreactor design for tissue engineering

Yu, Hanry; Chong, Seow Khoon Mark; Hassanbhai, Ammar Mansoor; Teng, Yun; Balachander, Gowri Manohari; Muthukumaran, Padmalosini; Wen, Feng; Teoh, Swee Hin

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818422-6.00012-5

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…Both custom-made and commercial models are available and are usually placed within a standard incubator. The disadvantage of these 2D bioreactors is that they can only provide insights in cellular responses but not cell–matrix interactions ( Wang et al, 2017 ; Yu et al, 2020 ). Zhang and Wang investigated tendon mechano-biological responses through different in vivo and in vitro experiments.…”

Section: Advanced: Incorporating Bioreactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Lack of a Representative Tendinopathy Model Hampers Fundamental Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research

Meeremans

Walle

Vlierberghe

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Overuse tendon injuries are a major cause of musculoskeletal morbidity in both human and equine athletes, due to the cumulative degenerative damage. These injuries present significant challenges as the healing process often results in the formation of inferior scar tissue. The poor success with conventional therapy supports the need to search for novel treatments to restore functionality and regenerate tissue as close to native tendon as possible. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based strategies represent promising therapeutic tools for tendon repair in both human and veterinary medicine. The translation of tissue engineering strategies from basic research findings, however, into clinical use has been hampered by the limited understanding of the multifaceted MSC mechanisms of action. In vitro models serve as important biological tools to study cell behavior, bypassing the confounding factors associated with in vivo experiments. Controllable and reproducible in vitro conditions should be provided to study the MSC healing mechanisms in tendon injuries. Unfortunately, no physiologically representative tendinopathy models exist to date. A major shortcoming of most currently available in vitro tendon models is the lack of extracellular tendon matrix and vascular supply. These models often make use of synthetic biomaterials, which do not reflect the natural tendon composition. Alternatively, decellularized tendon has been applied, but it is challenging to obtain reproducible results due to its variable composition, less efficient cell seeding approaches and lack of cell encapsulation and vascularization. The current review will overview pros and cons associated with the use of different biomaterials and technologies enabling scaffold production. In addition, the characteristics of the ideal, state-of-the-art tendinopathy model will be discussed. Briefly, a representative in vitro tendinopathy model should be vascularized and mimic the hierarchical structure of the tendon matrix with elongated cells being organized in a parallel fashion and subjected to uniaxial stretching. Incorporation of mechanical stimulation, preferably uniaxial stretching may be a key element in order to obtain appropriate matrix alignment and create a pathophysiological model. Together, a thorough discussion on the current status and future directions for tendon models will enhance fundamental MSC research, accelerating translation of MSC therapies for tendon injuries from bench to bedside.

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Section: Advanced: Incorporating Bioreactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2D bioreactors are only suitable for loading monolayer cell cultures, therefore, a more sophisticated approach for 3D biomaterial scaffolds is needed ( Yu et al, 2020 ). Various (bio-)materials can be loaded, and many alternative mount methods are available.…”

Section: Advanced: Incorporating Bioreactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lack of a Representative Tendinopathy Model Hampers Fundamental Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research

Meeremans

Walle

Vlierberghe

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…9 Although these alternative models can be useful as a screening tool to assess the virulence of mutant strains 5 and to evaluate new antifungal drugs, 7 animal models are still considered the gold standard for most fungal infections 5,9,10 and remain fundamental for the advance of medical mycology. 11 Animal models have been used in biomedical research to improve scientific knowledge, 12 allowing the understanding of disease etiology, pathophysiology and progression 13 in a more complex environment than in vitro studies. 14 Pathogenesis studies in animals also contribute to the development and assessment of new drugs and therapies to treat and prevent diseases and infections, 15 overcoming the limitations of clinical trials with human subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal models have been used in biomedical research to improve scientific knowledge, 12 allowing the understanding of disease etiology, pathophysiology and progression 13 in a more complex environment than in vitro studies. 14 Pathogenesis studies in animals also contribute to the development and assessment of new drugs and therapies to treat and prevent diseases and infections, 15 overcoming the limitations of clinical trials with human subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental animal models for denture stomatitis: A methodological review

et al. 2022

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Denture stomatitis is the most prevalent form of oral candidiasis and the most frequent oral lesion in removable prosthesis wearers. It is characterized by an inflammatory response of the denture-bearing mucosa, especially the palatal mucosa, and its clinical signs include chronic edema and erythema, and papillary hyperplasia. Despite having a multifactorial etiology, its main etiological agent is the infection by Candida albicans. Given its high treatment failure rates, an in vivo model of denture stomatitis should be established to test alternative treatments. The aim of this study is to review the existing denture stomatitis models and to provide an overview of the main methodological differences between them. Over the last 40 years, different animal models were developed in order to study denture stomatitis etiopathogenesis and to assess novel therapies. Many approaches, including the use of antibiotics and immunosuppressors, have to be further investigated in order to establish which protocol is more appropriate and effective for the development of an animal model of denture stomatitis.

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“…Furthermore, most bioreactors can be classified into macrobioreactors that are primarily use to grow functional tissues for in vivo implantation, and microbioreactors, which are used to develop native tissue-like environment for drug testing and other in vitro studies on biochemical and mechanical regulation of cell responses and tissue development. [15] Ultimately, the advances achieved in 3D printing techniques have open important opportunities for advances in regenerative medicine, once this technique can produce scaffolds with a high degree of complexity and precision, allowing to provide detailed biomimetic 3D structures. [16] In this way, it is expected that TE allied to printing technologies will allow culture conditions that may be used for growing fully functional and viable organs for transplantation in vivo.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physically Active Bioreactors for Tissue Engineering Applications

et al. 2020

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Tissue engineering (TE) is a dynamic and growing scientific field that merges the knowledge of different areas such as biology, physics, medicine, and engineering. [1] The TE discipline was first coined at a National Science Foundation sponsored meeting in 1987, thus originating a field that employs life sciences and engineering with the purpose of developing biologic or synthetic supports to restore, keep, or enhance tissue functions or damaged organs. [2] The classical TE approach has been mainly focusing on associating cells with a supporting matrix, also called biomaterials or scaffolds, that essentially acts as a passive template for tissue formation in vitro by allowing cells to adhere, migrate, differentiate, and produce tissue. Usually, the cells are seeded onto the scaffolds and, occasionally, growth factors are also added. The combination of cells, growth factors, and scaffold is often referred as the TE triad. [3] Nevertheless, novel approaches in TE that include the application of a biophysical stimuli to the scaffolds through the use of a bioreactor are emerging. [4] Tissue engineering (TE) is a strongly expanding research area. TE approaches require biocompatible scaffolds, cells, and different applied stimuli, which altogether mimic the natural tissue microenvironment. Also, the extracellular matrix serves as a structural base for cells and as a source of growth factors and biophysical cues. The 3D characteristics of the microenvironment is one of the most recognized key factors for obtaining specific cell responses in vivo, being the physical cues increasingly investigated. Supporting those advances is the progress of smart and multifunctional materials design, whose properties improve the cell behavior control through the possibility of providing specific chemical and physical stimuli to the cellular environment. In this sense, a varying set of bioreactors that properly stimulate those materials and cells in vitro, creating an appropriate biomimetic microenvironment, is developed to obtain active bioreactors. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the important microenvironments of different cells and tissues, the smart materials type used for providing such microenvironments and the specific bioreactor technologies that allow subjecting the cells/ tissues to the required biomimetic biochemical and biophysical cues. Further, it is shown that microfluidic bioreactors represent a growing and interesting field that hold great promise for achieving suitable TE strategies.

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Principles of bioreactor design for tissue engineering

Cited by 5 publications

References 170 publications

The Lack of a Representative Tendinopathy Model Hampers Fundamental Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research

The Lack of a Representative Tendinopathy Model Hampers Fundamental Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research

Experimental animal models for denture stomatitis: A methodological review

Physically Active Bioreactors for Tissue Engineering Applications

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