Experimental animal models for denture stomatitis: A methodological review

Abstract

Denture stomatitis is the most prevalent form of oral candidiasis and the most frequent oral lesion in removable prosthesis wearers. It is characterized by an inflammatory response of the denture-bearing mucosa, especially the palatal mucosa, and its clinical signs include chronic edema and erythema, and papillary hyperplasia. Despite having a multifactorial etiology, its main etiological agent is the infection by Candida albicans. Given its high treatment failure rates, an in vivo model of denture stomatitis should be established to test alternative treatments. The aim of this study is to review the existing denture stomatitis models and to provide an overview of the main methodological differences between them. Over the last 40 years, different animal models were developed in order to study denture stomatitis etiopathogenesis and to assess novel therapies. Many approaches, including the use of antibiotics and immunosuppressors, have to be further investigated in order to establish which protocol is more appropriate and effective for the development of an animal model of denture stomatitis.

Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles Functionalized with Natural Polymers or Phytochemicals for Targeted Disruption of Candida spp. Biofilms on Denture Materials: A Systematic Review

“…Biofilm models varied widely across studies, ranging from early adhesion assays to mature biofilm systems [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Importantly, most studies used mono-species Candida albicans models, which do not reflect the polymicrobial nature of denture biofilms in vivo [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ]. The lack of standardized biofilm protocols, including differences in incubation time, nutrient conditions, and outcome measures, introduces significant variability and reduces external validity.…”

Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles Functionalized with Natural Polymers or Phytochemicals for Targeted Disruption of Candida spp. Biofilms on Denture Materials: A Systematic Review

“…Biofilm models varied widely across studies, ranging from early adhesion assays to mature biofilm systems [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Importantly, most studies used mono-species Candida albicans models, which do not reflect the polymicrobial nature of denture biofilms in vivo [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ]. The lack of standardized biofilm protocols, including differences in incubation time, nutrient conditions, and outcome measures, introduces significant variability and reduces external validity.…”

Characterization of the Oral Microbiome in Wearers of Fixed and Removable Implant or Non-Implant-Supported Prostheses in Healthy and Pathological Oral Conditions: A Narrative Review

“…The most commonly found oral lesions are denture stomatitis, angular cheilitis, ulcerative/erosive or hyperplastic traumatic lesions, flaccid ridges, and oral carcinomas [95]. The most common oral condition in partial or total removable denture wearers is denture stomatitis, which is found in about 50% of cases [95,96]. Denture stomatitis is an inflammatory response of the mucosa, usually palatal mucosa, and its clinical manifestation includes chronic edema, erythema, and papillary hyperplasia [96].…”

“…The most common oral condition in partial or total removable denture wearers is denture stomatitis, which is found in about 50% of cases [95,96]. Denture stomatitis is an inflammatory response of the mucosa, usually palatal mucosa, and its clinical manifestation includes chronic edema, erythema, and papillary hyperplasia [96]. Although it has a multifactorial etiology, the main microorganism responsible is Candida albicans [95,96].…”

“…Denture stomatitis is an inflammatory response of the mucosa, usually palatal mucosa, and its clinical manifestation includes chronic edema, erythema, and papillary hyperplasia [96]. Although it has a multifactorial etiology, the main microorganism responsible is Candida albicans [95,96]. Baena-Monroy et al [97] as well as Marchi-Alves [98] concluded that the Candida albicans, the Staphylococcus aureus, and the St. mutans frequently colonize the oral mucosa of denture wearers, especially in cases of prosthetic stomatitis.…”

Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles Functionalized with Natural Polymers or Phytochemicals for Targeted Disruption of Candida spp. Biofilms on Denture Materials: A Systematic Review

“…Biofilm models varied widely across studies, ranging from early adhesion assays to mature biofilm systems [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Importantly, most studies used mono-species Candida albicans models, which do not reflect the polymicrobial nature of denture biofilms in vivo [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ]. The lack of standardized biofilm protocols, including differences in incubation time, nutrient conditions, and outcome measures, introduces significant variability and reduces external validity.…”

Characterization of the Oral Microbiome in Wearers of Fixed and Removable Implant or Non-Implant-Supported Prostheses in Healthy and Pathological Oral Conditions: A Narrative Review

“…The most commonly found oral lesions are denture stomatitis, angular cheilitis, ulcerative/erosive or hyperplastic traumatic lesions, flaccid ridges, and oral carcinomas [95]. The most common oral condition in partial or total removable denture wearers is denture stomatitis, which is found in about 50% of cases [95,96]. Denture stomatitis is an inflammatory response of the mucosa, usually palatal mucosa, and its clinical manifestation includes chronic edema, erythema, and papillary hyperplasia [96].…”

“…The most common oral condition in partial or total removable denture wearers is denture stomatitis, which is found in about 50% of cases [95,96]. Denture stomatitis is an inflammatory response of the mucosa, usually palatal mucosa, and its clinical manifestation includes chronic edema, erythema, and papillary hyperplasia [96]. Although it has a multifactorial etiology, the main microorganism responsible is Candida albicans [95,96].…”

“…Denture stomatitis is an inflammatory response of the mucosa, usually palatal mucosa, and its clinical manifestation includes chronic edema, erythema, and papillary hyperplasia [96]. Although it has a multifactorial etiology, the main microorganism responsible is Candida albicans [95,96]. Baena-Monroy et al [97] as well as Marchi-Alves [98] concluded that the Candida albicans, the Staphylococcus aureus, and the St. mutans frequently colonize the oral mucosa of denture wearers, especially in cases of prosthetic stomatitis.…”

Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles Functionalized with Natural Polymers or Phytochemicals for Targeted Disruption of Candida spp. Biofilms on Denture Materials: A Systematic Review

“…Biofilm models varied widely across studies, ranging from early adhesion assays to mature biofilm systems [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Importantly, most studies used mono-species Candida albicans models, which do not reflect the polymicrobial nature of denture biofilms in vivo [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ]. The lack of standardized biofilm protocols, including differences in incubation time, nutrient conditions, and outcome measures, introduces significant variability and reduces external validity.…”

Characterization of the Oral Microbiome in Wearers of Fixed and Removable Implant or Non-Implant-Supported Prostheses in Healthy and Pathological Oral Conditions: A Narrative Review

“…The most commonly found oral lesions are denture stomatitis, angular cheilitis, ulcerative/erosive or hyperplastic traumatic lesions, flaccid ridges, and oral carcinomas [95]. The most common oral condition in partial or total removable denture wearers is denture stomatitis, which is found in about 50% of cases [95,96]. Denture stomatitis is an inflammatory response of the mucosa, usually palatal mucosa, and its clinical manifestation includes chronic edema, erythema, and papillary hyperplasia [96].…”

“…The most common oral condition in partial or total removable denture wearers is denture stomatitis, which is found in about 50% of cases [95,96]. Denture stomatitis is an inflammatory response of the mucosa, usually palatal mucosa, and its clinical manifestation includes chronic edema, erythema, and papillary hyperplasia [96]. Although it has a multifactorial etiology, the main microorganism responsible is Candida albicans [95,96].…”

“…Denture stomatitis is an inflammatory response of the mucosa, usually palatal mucosa, and its clinical manifestation includes chronic edema, erythema, and papillary hyperplasia [96]. Although it has a multifactorial etiology, the main microorganism responsible is Candida albicans [95,96]. Baena-Monroy et al [97] as well as Marchi-Alves [98] concluded that the Candida albicans, the Staphylococcus aureus, and the St. mutans frequently colonize the oral mucosa of denture wearers, especially in cases of prosthetic stomatitis.…”