1986
DOI: 10.1007/bf01205934
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Principles for the design of billiards with nonvanishing Lyapunov exponents

Abstract: We introduce a large class of billiards with convex pieces of the boundary which have nonvanishing Lyapunov exponents.

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Cited by 206 publications
(187 citation statements)
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“…We will use a well known formula from the geometric optics (the "mirror equation," see, e.g., [21], Lemma 1). (Fig.…”
Section: Let (La) E Tp~b M = L a T The Signed Distance D(a) = -4-1mentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…We will use a well known formula from the geometric optics (the "mirror equation," see, e.g., [21], Lemma 1). (Fig.…”
Section: Let (La) E Tp~b M = L a T The Signed Distance D(a) = -4-1mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since the proof would require a discussion of general (nonconvex) caustics, we do not give it here. We refer the reader to Wojtkowski [21], page 397, for a geometric optics approach to Mather's theorem. In the rest of this section we will obtain a quantitative improvement of Theorem 1.1.…”
Section: Let (La) E Tp~b M = L a T The Signed Distance D(a) = -4-1mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…More precisely, the family of cones dx · d p > 0 is forward invariant with respect to the billiard flow in the dispersing case independent of the details of the billiard's shape. After each reflection from the billiard's boundary, the cones are mapped into each other with flipped orientation (the normal component of the momentum p changes sign, while all other components are preserved), see [31,36,34]. In particular, nearby orbits experiencing different number of reflections (i.e.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Essa limitação foi resolvida por Wojtkowski, Markarian, Donnay e Bunimovich. Usando novas técnicas para estabelecer a positividade de expoentes de Lyapunov [Woj86,Mar88], eles provaram independentemente, que vários outros arcos focalizadores podem ser usados para construir bilhares hiperbólicos [Woj86, Mar88, Bun90b, Don91].…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…Essa limitação foi resolvida por Wojtkowski, Markarian, Donnay e Bunimovich. Usando novas técnicas para estabelecer a positividade de expoentes de Lyapunov [Woj86,Mar88], eles provaram independentemente, que vários outros arcos focalizadores podem ser usados para construir bilhares hiperbólicos [Woj86, Mar88, Bun90b, Don91].As hipóteses da teoria standard de bilhares hiperbólicos de Wojtkowski, Markarian, Donnay e Bunimovich ([CM06], Teo. 9.19) requer que os círculos de semi-curvatura em qualquer ponto de uma componente focalizadora não deve intersectar outras componentes, ou o círculo de semi-curvatura relativo à outras componentes focalizadoras (em [Mar88] tem uma condição similar).…”
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