Principles and Applications of Thermal Analysis

Gabbott, P.L.A.

doi:10.1002/9780470697702

Cited by 277 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is one of the thermoanalytical techniques used to study phase transitionsof materials (Figure 3). In DSC, both the sample and the reference are maintained at the same temperature (∆T = T s -T r = 0) and any heat transfer between the sample and reference materials is recorded against the temperature [82,83]. The reference in the DSC method is a material that does not show phase change over a wide temperature range, Alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) and silicon carbide (SiC) are mostly used as the reference materials in DSC.…”

Section: Thermal-phase Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Ionic Liquids, Their Limits and Applications

Ghandi¹

2014

GSC

568

268

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Since environmental pollution caused by chemical and energy industries has increased for several decades, there is a social expectation that scientists and engineers try to design sustainable chemical processes, to generate less hazardous materials and more environmentally friendly sources of energy production. In this review the roles of Ionic Liquids (ILs) and IL based solvent systems as proposed alternative for conventional organic solvents are described. Since there are already many reviews on benefits of ILs, after a very brief review of ILs we focus mostly on aspects that are not covered in other reviews, in particular the known limits of these solvents. In addition, different methods to measure the physicochemical properties relevant to their use in energy storage applications such as fuel cells and batteries are introduced. The physicochemical properties that are reviewed are thermal properties, conductivity and chemical reactivity. The focus of the review is on the literature after 2008, with the exception of some important historic articles on ILs.

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Section: Thermal-phase Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Ionic Liquids, Their Limits and Applications

Ghandi¹

2014

GSC

568

268

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“…The effect of the ramp rate on the thermograms produced Heat flow is defined as the flow of energy into or out of the sample as a function of either temperature or time [12]. The instrument used for this study is known as a heat-flux DSC and measures the temperature difference between a sample and reference pan subjected to the same external temperature conditions [11,13].…”

Section: Refining the Dsc Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Use of Differential Scanning Calorimetry for the Analysis of Illicit Substances and Their Adulterants

2018

J Forensic investig

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Chemical profiling of seized material is a powerful tool used by law enforcement agencies to determine the presence of illicit drugs and their adulterants within a suspect material. This study presents a proof-of-concept for the use of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) for the analysis of illicit drugs. Mixtures of methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), heroin and cocaine with their common adulterants, including paracetamol, caffeine, tetramisole HCl and sugars were submitted for DSC analysis. A range of temperature programs were examined to determine the best conditions for analysis. It was determined that the mixtures showed three distinct levels of differentiation. Level 1 contained mixtures which revealed peaks that did not correlate to any pure substances present, making differentiation difficult. In some cases, however, the combination of peaks was unique, allowing for possible identification of a particular combination of components. Level 2 mixtures revealed peaks which were characteristic of one or more substances present or other distinguishing features, such as decomposition patterns, which may indicate the presence of a substance or group of substances. Level 3 revealed very good differentiation facilitating clear identification of the substances present. Level 2 differentiation was the most common across the analysed mixtures. This screening technique may provide useful information to investigators regarding the analysis of drug seizures, guiding further confirmatory analysis.

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“…The mean droplet size of microemulsions was measured by SCATTER SCOPE 1 QUIDIX (South Korea) at 25˚C, and their refractory indices were also computed (27). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity Evaluation of Microemulsion (Nano Size) of Sour Cherry Kernel Extract for the Oral Bioavailability Enhancement

Salimi

Motaharitabar

Goudarzi

et al. 2014

Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod

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Background:In the recent years nanostructured materials have been the focus of researches due to their wide-spread possibilities to provide new shapes and structures for some materials. Microemulsions can provide uniform nano-sized droplets for templating. Microemulsions are isotropic, thermodynamically-stable systems of oil, water and surfactant with a 20-200 nm droplet size. They can be prepared as oil-in-water (o/w), water-in-oil (w/o) or bicontinuous systems, depending on the equilibrium spontaneous curvature of the surfactant layer at the oil-water interface. Objectives: The aim of this study was to introduce a system designed to improve and enhance the bioavailability of bioflavonoids in the Prunus cerasus (sour cherry) seed kernel extract by developing a novel delivery system, i.e. microemulsion (nanosized particles). Materials and Methods: Microemulsion formulations were prepared by mixing appropriate amounts of surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 20), cosurfactant (propylene glycol) (3:1 ratio), and oil phase (olive oil). The prepared microemulsions were evaluated regarding their mean droplet size, transparency, viscosity, and pH. Sour cherry kernel extract microemulsion was orally administered to mice at doses of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% for 10 days. On the last day, their blood as well as their liver and kidney were used for biochemical and histopathological analyses, respectively. Results: Biochemical factors levels and the pathological study indicated that there were not significant differences in microemulsion extracts compared with the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Not only no toxicity evidence of this product was observed in the dose range used in foods or healthcare, but also it improved the cardiac function recovery.

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Principles and Applications of Thermal Analysis

Cited by 277 publications

References 25 publications

A Review of Ionic Liquids, Their Limits and Applications

A Review of Ionic Liquids, Their Limits and Applications

Evaluating the Use of Differential Scanning Calorimetry for the Analysis of Illicit Substances and Their Adulterants

Toxicity Evaluation of Microemulsion (Nano Size) of Sour Cherry Kernel Extract for the Oral Bioavailability Enhancement

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