Principle qUnderstandingq from Perspective of Linguistic Investigations

Abstract

Abstract-This article is aimed at investigation of the principle of "understanding" within linguistic reflection. Understanding is connected with interpretation of the context and knowledge of the interpreter, which is socially determined. Expediency of the discourse approach to studying the principle of text "understanding" is set and peculiarities of understanding in different types of discourse are shown. It is established that the cognition refers to psychic phenomenon and represents a method of social and humanitarian understanding and an integral component of social life, practical skill connected with social life. Understanding discourse is based on two constituent partstext's properties and specifics of linguistic personality. Understanding is also viewed from the point of view of its fullness (complete understanding and incomplete understanding). In the article, factors determining the possibility and effectiveness of speech influence are revealed: linguistic and extralinguistic (semiotic, social, cognitive, psychological) factors.

Main tendencies of religious consciousness development in modern society

“…Religious consciousness as a whole has a number of characteristic features, they are: animism and animatism (recognition that man and everything alive have soul as well as faith in the animate nature), availability of faith (special psychological condition of confidence in the righteousness of chosen aim and possibility to reach it), belief in supernatural (confidence in real existence of the higher powers, "mysterious beginning" which can either punish a person if he doesn't behave properly or encourage, reward him if he follows set rules), imagery and emotionality (in religious consciousness function black stone images, its important component comprise religious feelings which having arisen once become a human need; besides, it is typical of the religious discourse to relive various emotions, among them are "fear of God", "love to God", "sense of sinfulness and humility", "compassion for neighbour", "hope of reward"), symbolism and allegory (any religious system has its own system of symbols which lose their meaning outside the system; symbolism is didactic in character, through an image or combination of images it helps to convey ethical and moral concepts allegorically), combination of adequate and non-adequate (in any religious concept we can find provisions which correspond to the real world picture, and on the other hand some religious provisions can seem to be illegal and non-adequate, though the central component of any religious is faith and so a man mustn't try to explain anything); dialogue character (a word has a great power in religious consciousness, it concerns both semantic content and degree of influence on a man; belief in the existence of supernatural powers presumes faith and desire to interact with God and supernatural powers; in the religious space there unfolds a dialogue of a man with God and with another man), availability of moral and ethical norms and requirements (it is characteristic of religious consciousness to include absolute moral truths and particular ethical criteria for evaluation; religious morality is always connected with the dogmas of the definite creed and includes moral instruction which can't be find in the systems if non-religious morality), messianism (desire and readiness to spread your view and convictions among people who don't practice this religion and don't operate mechanisms of this religious consciousness) [4].…”

Optimizing teaching conditions for efficient development of translation skills within postgraduate study programs

“…The proposed system of tasks aimed at developing the necessary skills and abilities to use translation techniques includes six functional and content groups of tasks [12], [16]. These exercises have been and are still being tested in class with the MSc and PhD students at Russian State Agrarian University -Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy.…”

Theoretical and practical research on social and labor relations regulation based on the theory of generations

“…Zaytseva [22], B.V. Chernikov [16], C. Diaz-Sarmiento [23]), or leaving it (N.V. Samoukina [24], I.M. Gurova and S. Evdokimov [7], A.A. Rakhimov [25] G. Bayramoglu [26], F. Corbisiero [27]). This search helps to actualize the distinctive features of individuals and to reveal the differences between generation groups [36].…”

“…The variety of behavioral patterns, typological features of individuals leads to different ways, means and management practices of influence and stimulation for result-oriented ways of activity. For a long period of time justification of the employees typology theoretical concepts is being actively collected (for example, Hippocrates [19], C. G. Yung [18], H. J. Eysenck [1], E.Kretschmer [9], R. Blak, J. Mouton [23], W. Marston [27], V.R. Vesnin [3], A.J.…”