Principales efectos de la reserva cognitiva sobre diversas enfermedades: una revisión sistemática

Reynoso-Alcántara, Vicenta; Silva‐Pereyra, Juan; Fernández-Harmony, Thalía; Mondragón‐Maya, Alejandra

doi:10.1016/j.psiq.2018.02.005

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…CR tries to compensate for the impact caused by neurocognitive pathology through the use of previously established neural networks, or failing that, through the creation of new networks that would reduce the degree of deterioration 12 . Cognitive stimulation in older adults is considered an essential factor to maintain and strengthen neural networks 11 , because it is believed that the accumulation of experiences throughout life works as a protective mechanism, thus reducing susceptibility to neurocognitive 12 . It is considered a resilience mechanism against age-related cognitive decline 13 .…”

Section: Cr Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is considered a resilience mechanism against age-related cognitive decline 13 . CR can change according to the experience and learning that an individual has had throughout life 12 .…”

Section: Cr Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some factors that determine the level of CR based on the life experiences of older adults include level of education, occupation, lifestyle, and cognitive needs demanded by the environment, in which they operate, physical activity and diet 14 with all of these functioning as mitigatory factors in cognitive dysfunction 12 .…”

Section: Cognitive Reserve Brain Reservementioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive reserve to modify the trajectory of dementia: what does it represent for Oaxaca, Mexico?

Martínez-Martínez,

Nance,

Muñoz-Ortiz

2023

RMN

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The objective of this review article is to highlight variables that the Oaxacan population has that favor cognitive reserve (CR) and which is essential to promote healthy aging. These protective factors that prevent or delay evolution of neurodegenerative disease may enable toleration of age-related changes, maintaining cognitive function despite disease. Research in countries with a high level of development shows that certain lifestyles delay the onset of dementia, but what happens in developing countries like Mexico and it's cities, like Oaxaca, where the population has particular characteristics according to health conditions, education, housing, and traditions. What could provide them with CR, despite not having the same quality of life as first world countries? Professional literature from 2014 to 2022 related to CR and dementia internationally and in Mexico was reviewed using Pub-Med, BMC, and Google Scholar. Substantial literature exists in Europe and North America, Oaxaca has various variables which favor CR, most of them have not been properly assessed by research, leading to a disadvantage for people living in Oaxaca compares to older adults in developed countries. Oaxaca, Mexico, has some variables that favor CR, but it does not have all those already documented by research, which leaves older adults living in states like Oaxaca at a disadvantage compared to older adults in developed countries. Although the manifestations of cognitive decline do not appear uniformly, CR may prevent or delay evolution of dementia maintaining quality of life and activities of the elderly. It is essential to carry out research on non-traditional variables that may be enhancing CR and that has not been addressed in developing countries.

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Section: Cr Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is considered a resilience mechanism against age-related cognitive decline 13 . CR can change according to the experience and learning that an individual has had throughout life 12 .…”

Section: Cr Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cognitive Reserve Brain Reservementioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive reserve to modify the trajectory of dementia: what does it represent for Oaxaca, Mexico?

Martínez-Martínez,

Nance,

Muñoz-Ortiz

2023

RMN

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“…People with higher CR have more efficient brain networks that allow them to actively cope with pathology using compensatory mechanisms (Stern, 2002 , 2009 ; Barulli et al, 2013 ). Previous studies suggested the role of CR as a protective factor in dementia and traumatic brain injury (Reynoso-Alcántara et al, 2018 ) or its moderator effect in psychiatric diseases (Pertl et al, 2017 ; Opdebeeck et al, 2018 ), but only a few studies explored CR associations with CP and emotional factors. The study of Gómez-Beldarrain et al found that high levels of CR in migraine patients, could facilitate pain control and reduce the tendency to migraine chronification (Gomez-Beldarrain et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Reserve as a Protective Factor of Mental Health in Middle-Aged Adults Affected by Chronic Pain

et al. 2021

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Chronic pain is associated with worse mental health and cognitive impairment, which can be a cause or a consequence of brain structure and function alterations, e.g., maladaptive plasticity, antinociceptive system dysregulation. Cognitive reserve reflects the effectiveness of the internal connections of the brain and it has been shown to be a protective factor in brain damage, slowing cognitive aging or reducing the risk of mental health disorders. The current study explored the impact of chronic pain on psychosocial factors, mental health, and cognition. Furthermore, we aimed to examine the role of cognitive reserve in the relationship between mental health and chronic pain clinical characteristics in middle-aged adults. The study group consisted of 477 volunteers from the Barcelona Brain Health Initiative who completed online surveys on pain, mental health, cognitive reserve, and psychosocial factors (sleep and quality of life). We described the differences in sociodemographic data, psychosocial factors, mental health, and self-perceived cognitive impairment, and neuropsychological assessment, between participants reporting pain compared with those without pain, as well as the main characteristics of the chronic pain group. Finally, to study the role of cognitive reserve in the modulation of the relationship between chronic pain and mental health, we compared variables between subgroups of participants with high/low pain intensity and cognitive reserve. The results showed that chronic pain was reported by 45.5% of middle-aged adults. Our results revealed that participants with chronic pain were older and had worse health status than people without pain. The presence of chronic pain affected working memory, mental health, and daily life activities. Moreover, cognitive reserve moderated the influence of pain intensity on mental health, resulting in less mental health affection in people suffering from high pain intensity with high cognitive reserve. In conclusion, the construct of the cognitive reserve could explain differential susceptibility between chronic pain and its mental health association and be a powerful tool in chronic pain assessment and treatment, principally due to its modifiable nature.

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“…Por otro lado, la reserva cognitiva (RC) hace referencia a un modelo más activo o funcional, que se relaciona con la habilidad de reclutar redes cerebrales alternativas y/o adicionales, en compensación de las dañadas, para realizar una tarea de manera eficaz o para mantener un estado clínico dentro de la "normalidad", un proceso que se conoce como compensación 11, [15][16][17] . La RC está estrechamente relacionada con la neuro plasticidad, que se puede definir como la capacidad del sistema nervioso en responder a una estimulación intrínseca o ambiental, reorganizando su estructura, función y conexiones y que depende no solo de la edad, si no también del contexto ambiental de la persona mayor 18 .…”

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Reserva cognitiva y demencias: Limitaciones del efecto protector en el envejecimiento y el deterioro cognitivoLimited protective effects of cognitive reserve on the progression of cognitive impairment

Toloza-Ramírez

Martella

2019

Rev. méd. Chile

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Limited protective effects of cognitive reserve on the progression of cognitive impairment Aging constitutes a series of physical, physiological and cognitive changes, affecting independence in the activities of daily living. During this stage, neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive impairment are common. Cognitive Reserve allows to face neuropathological changes and maintain cognitive function in the presence of brain damage. However, there are cases where a high cognitive reserve fails to attenuate and delay the effects of neuropathology, allowing the progression of cognitive damage to advanced stages. The objective of this systematic review is to identify evidence where high cognitive reserve does not limit the effects of cognitive impairment. Results indicate that the protective effect of cognitive reserve occurs only in the presence of minimal cognitive impairment, but not at later stages.

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Principales efectos de la reserva cognitiva sobre diversas enfermedades: una revisión sistemática

Cited by 6 publications

References 127 publications

Cognitive reserve to modify the trajectory of dementia: what does it represent for Oaxaca, Mexico?

Cognitive reserve to modify the trajectory of dementia: what does it represent for Oaxaca, Mexico?

Cognitive Reserve as a Protective Factor of Mental Health in Middle-Aged Adults Affected by Chronic Pain

Reserva cognitiva y demencias: Limitaciones del efecto protector en el envejecimiento y el deterioro cognitivoLimited protective effects of cognitive reserve on the progression of cognitive impairment

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