Principal physics developments evaluated in the ITER design review

Hawryluk, R. J.; Campbell, D.J.; Janeschitz, G.; Thomas, Paul R.; Albanese, R.; Ambrosino, R.; Bachmann, C.; Baylor, L.R.; Bécoulet, M.; Benfatto, I.; Bialek, J.; Boozer, Allen H.; Brooks, A.; Budny, R.; Casper, T. A.; Cavinato, M.; Cordier, J.J.; Chuyanov, V.A.; Doyle, E. J.; Evans, T.E.; Federici, G.; Fenstermacher, M.E.; Fujieda, H.; Gál, K.; Garofalo, A. M.; Garzotti, L.; Gates, D.; Gribov, Y.; Heitzenroeder, P.; Hender, T. C.; Holtkamp, N.; Humphreys, D. A.; Hutchinson, I. H.; Ioki, K.; Johner, J.; Johnson, G.; Kamada, Y.; Kavin, А.; Kessel, C.E.; Khayrutdinov, R.R.; Kramer, G. J.; Kukushkin, A. S.; Lackner, K.; Landman, I.; Lang, P. T.; Liang, Y.; Linke, J.; Lipschultz, B.; Loarte, A.; Loesser, G. D.; Lowry, C.; Luce, T. C.; Lukash, V.E.; Maruyama, S.; Mattei, M.; Ménard, J.; Merola, M.; Mineev, A. B.; Mitchell, N.; Nardon, E.; Nazikian, R.; Nelson, B. A.; Neumeyer, C.; Park, J. K.; Pearce, R.; Pitts, R.A.; Polevoi, A.; Portone, A.; Okabayashi, M.; Rebut, P.H.; Riccardo, V.; Roth, J.; Sabbagh, S. A.; Saibene, G.; Sannazzaro, G.; Schaffer, M. J.; Shimada, M.; Sen, Amiya K.; Sips, A. C. C.; Skinner, C.H.; Snyder, P. B.; Stambaugh, R.D.; Strait, E.J.; Sugihara, M.; Tsitrone, E.; Urano, J.; Valovič, M.; Wade, M. R.; Wesley, J.C.; White, R. B.; Whyte, D.G.; Wu, Shan; Wykes, M.; Zakharov, L.

doi:10.1088/0029-5515/49/6/065012

Cited by 201 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…Because of their importance for the ITER project [1], spectra of tungsten ions have recently received much attention over a wide range of wavelengths. Of special interest are the NIST EBIT experiments reported by Ralchenko et al [2], who studied tungsten ions with the ground states 3d, 3d 2 , .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core Effects on Transition Energies for 3dk Conﬁgurations in Tungsten Ions

Fischer

Gaigalas

Jönsson

2017

Atoms

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All energy levels of the 3d k , k = 1,2,. . . , 8, 9, configurations for tungsten ions, computed using the GRASP2K fully relativistic code based on the variational multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method, are reported. Included in the calculations are valence correlation where all 3s, 3p, 3d orbitals are considered to be valence orbitals, as well as core-valence and core-core effects from the 2s, 2p subshells. Results are compared with other recent theory and with levels obtained from the wavelengths of lines observed in the experimental spectra. It is shown that the core correlation effects considerably reduce the disagreement with levels linked directly to observed wavelengths, but may differ significantly from the NIST levels, where an unknown shift of the levels could not be determined from experimental wavelengths. For low values of k, levels were in good agreement with relativistic many-body perturbation levels, but for 2 < k < 8, the present results were in better agreement with observation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core Effects on Transition Energies for 3dk Conﬁgurations in Tungsten Ions

Fischer

Gaigalas

Jönsson

2017

Atoms

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“…Matthews et al 2007, Pitts et al 2009, Hawryluk et al 2009. In this context, forbidden lines are of great interest for plasma diagnostics because the corresponding radiation intensities are often very sensitive to electron temperature and density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A theoretical survey of atomic structure and forbidden transitions in the 4p^kand 4d^kground configurations of tungsten ions W^{29 +}through W^{43 +}

Quinet

2011

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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Energy levels, wavelengths and radiative decay rates have been calculated for states within the 4p k (k = 1-5) and 4d k (k = 1-9) ground configurations in highly charged tungsten ions. Magnetic dipole (M1) and electric quadrupole (E2) transition probabilities have been obtained using the fully relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) approach including the correlations within the n = 4 complex, some n = 4 → n = 5 single excitations and quantum electrodynamics effects. The validity of the method is assessed through limited comparison with experimental and theoretical data previously published as well as with new relativistic Hartree-Fock calculations. The excellent agreement observed between our new MCDF A-values and those obtained using different theoretical approaches together with a detailed analysis of configuration interaction effects does not confirm the very recent GRASP2K calculations of Jonauskas et al (2012 At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 98 19) for M1 lines within the 4d k configurations, the latter results remaining in large disagreement with all other methods in many cases.

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“…Mitigation of large amplitude ELMs is essential for ITER because each ELM releases particles and energy which load the plasma facing components; scaled up to ITER [10], the largest such loads would be unacceptable. ELMs also play a role in removing impurities from the plasma, which should also be achieved in a controllable manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global build-up to intrinsic ELM bursts and comparison with pellet triggered ELMs seen in JET

et al. 2016

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We focus on JET plasmas in which ELMs are triggered by pellets in the presence of ELMs which occur naturally. We perform direct time domain analysis of signals from fast radial field coils and toroidal full flux azimuthal loops. These toroidally integrating signals provide simultaneous high time resolution measurements of global plasma dynamics and its coupling to the control system. We examine the time dynamics of these signals in plasmas where pellet injection is used to trigger ELMs in the presence of naturally occurring ELMs. Pellets whose size and speed are intended to provide maximum local perturbation for ELM triggering are launched at pre-programmed times, without correlation to the occurrence times of intrinsic ELMs. Pellet rates were sufficiently low to prevent sustained changes of the underlying plasma conditions and natural ELM behaviour. We find a global signature of the build-up to natural ELMs in the temporal analytic phase of both the full flux loops and fast radial field coil signals. Before a natural ELM, the signal phases align to the same value on a ∼2-5 ms timescale. This global build up to a natural ELM occurs whilst the amplitude of the full flux loop and fast radial field coil signals are at their background value: it precedes the response seen in these signals to the onset of ELMing. In contrast these signals do not clearly phase align before the ELM for ELMs which are the first to occur following pellet injection. This provides a direct test that can distinguish when an ELM is triggered by a pellet as opposed to occurring naturally. It further supports the idea [1-4] of a global build up phase that precedes natural ELMs; pellets can trigger ELMs even when the signal phase is at a value when a natural ELM is unlikely to occur.

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Principal physics developments evaluated in the ITER design review

Cited by 201 publications

References 74 publications

Core Effects on Transition Energies for 3dk Conﬁgurations in Tungsten Ions

Core Effects on Transition Energies for 3dk Conﬁgurations in Tungsten Ions

A theoretical survey of atomic structure and forbidden transitions in the 4p^kand 4d^kground configurations of tungsten ions W^{29 +}through W^{43 +}

The global build-up to intrinsic ELM bursts and comparison with pellet triggered ELMs seen in JET

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Principal physics developments evaluated in the ITER design review

Cited by 201 publications

References 74 publications

Core Effects on Transition Energies for 3dk Conﬁgurations in Tungsten Ions

Core Effects on Transition Energies for 3dk Conﬁgurations in Tungsten Ions

A theoretical survey of atomic structure and forbidden transitions in the 4pkand 4dkground configurations of tungsten ions W29 +through W43 +

The global build-up to intrinsic ELM bursts and comparison with pellet triggered ELMs seen in JET

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A theoretical survey of atomic structure and forbidden transitions in the 4p^kand 4d^kground configurations of tungsten ions W^{29 +}through W^{43 +}